Tune in, turn on, and drop out

Dr. Stephen Ward—who pimped Christine Keeler at Masonically-themed black magic sex parties at Cliveden House as part of the Profumo Affair, and who was associated with Billy Mellon Hitchcock, who supported Timothy Leary’s LSD experimentation at his Millbrook Estate in New York—had also pimped Mary Anne MacLean, co-founder of the satanic Process Church of the Final Judgement, which was linked to the Manson Family atrocities, which connected numerous Hollywood celebrities and musicians, like the Mamas and the Papas and the Beach Boys, to Roman Polanski’s Rosemary’s Baby, a film about a coven who bring about the birth of Satan’s child.[1] Manson came into contact with The Process after he established himself as a guru in Haight-Ashbury in San Francisco, during the “Summer of Love,” where as many as 100,000 young people professing free love, psychedelic drugs, hippie music and anti-war, converged in the district. The siren song was “San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair),” written by John Phillips of the Mamas and the Papas and sung by Scott McKenzie.

The founders of the Process Church also visited the offices of the San Francisco Oracle, an underground newspaper in Haight-Ashbury, founded in 1966 by Michael Bowen, an icon of the Beat Generation and the 1960s counterculture, and Allen Cohen, which gave much space to writings by Gary Snyder, Allen Ginsberg, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Michael McClure, and other Beat writers, along with emerging younger writers. According to the Oracle:

A new concept of celebrations beneath the human underground must emerge, become conscious, and be shared, so a revolution can be formed with a renaissance of compassion, awareness, and love, and the revelation of unity for all mankind.[2]

The world’s attention was brought to the San Francisco Renaissance after the Human Be-In of January 14, 1967, in San Francisco, organized by Michael Bowen, was first announced in The Oracle. Bowen’s mentor was a mysterious guru named John Starr Cooke, who was in contact with Sherman Kent, Allen Dulles’s right-hand man during the Cold War.[3] Cooke achieved renown as a psychic and for his possession of a tarot deck with the handwritten annotations of its previous owner, Aleister Crowley. From his headquarters in Cuernavaca, Mexico, Cook dispatched a number of his rangers to various locations of psychedelic activity in North America and Europe. Bowen went to Millbrook to lure Leary’s entourage back to Mexico where Cooke was leading séances while high on acid. Leary, who was a key influence in the Summer of Love, believed he was Aleister Crowley reborn and was supposed to complete the work that Crowley began.[4] His autobiography, Confessions of a Drug Fiend, was a composite of Crowley’s Diary of a Drug Fiend and Confessions of Aleister Crowley. Leary confessed in an interview with Late Night America on PBS:

Well, I’ve been an admirer of Aleister Crowley; I think that I’m carrying on much of the work that he started over 100 years ago. And I think the 60’s themselves you know Crowley said he was in favor of finding your own self and “Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the law” under love. It was very powerful statement. I’m sorry he isn’t around now to appreciate the glories that he started.

Among those who are said to have visited Cooke in Mexico were Ralph Metzner, Leonard Cohen, Andrija Puharich, and Seymour (“The Head”) Lazare, a wealthy business associate of Billy Hitchcock.[5] In addition to his dealings with Resorts International, according to in Marin Lee and Bruce Shlain in Acid Dreams, Hitchcock maintained a private account at Castle Bank and Trust the Bahamas, founded in 1962 by Black Eagle Trust Fund conspirator Paul Helliwell, paymaster for the CIA’s failed Bay of Pigs invasion and boss of E. Howard Hunt. Helliwell served the Mafia in a dual capacity as CIA banker and legal counsel. Helliwell’s law firm also represented Louis Chesler and Wallace Groves, both partners in Resorts International, another CIA front group. The purpose of Castle Bank, that catered to mobsters, entertainers, drug dealers, and Republican politicians, was to help launder LSD and marijuana profits. Richard M. Nixon was among three hundred prominent Americans who used Castle. The bank’s clientele included actor Tony Curtis, the rock group Creedence Clearwater Revival, Playboy publisher Hugh Hefner, Bob Guccione’s Penthouse, Chiang Kai-shek’s daughter and her husband, and eccentric billionaire Howard Hughes.[6]

Under Cooke’s instructions, Bowen settled in Haight-Ashbury in 1966, to carry out a plan of bringing about a “Gathering of the Tribes,” known as the first Human Be-In.[7] The Human Be-In, a gathering of 30,000 hippies in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, brought national media attention to the counterculture movement, serving as a prelude to the Summer of Love a year later. The Be-In was announced in response to a new California law banning the use of LSD. The new law was slated to go into effect on October 6, 1966, a date that took on mystical significance for the Oracle group.[8] Music was provided by Jefferson Airplane and The Grateful Dead. Counterculture personalities in attendance included comedian Dick Gregory and Jerry Rubin. Speakers included Timothy Leary in his first San Francisco appearance and Richard Alpert (soon to be known as “Ram Dass”), and Allen Ginsberg who chanted mantras. It was at this event that Timothy Leary voiced his phrase, “turn on, tune in, drop out.” In a 1988 interview, Leary stated that the slogan was “given to him” by Marshall McLuhan during a lunch in New York City. Leary added that McLuhan “was very much interested in ideas and marketing, and he started singing something like, ‘Psychedelics hit the spot / Five hundred micrograms, that’s a lot,’ to the tune of a Pepsi commercial of the time. Then he started going, ‘Tune in, turn on, and drop out.’”[9]

Laurel Canyon

An extensive online article written by David McGowan, titled “Inside The LC: The Strange but Mostly True Story of Laurel Canyon and the Birth of the Hippie Generation,” has shown that a number of bands who signaled the birth of the folk rock phenomenon, like the Mamas and the Papas, The Doors, and Crosby, Still and Nash, were all associated with a network of groups located in Laurel Canyon, in in the Hollywood Hills district of Los Angeles, involved in occult activities, and all with ties to military intelligence, Aleister Crowley’s OTO, Charles Manson’s “Family” and the Church of Satan. One of the earliest to arrive on the Laurel Canyon scene was Jim Morrison, whose band The Doors was named after Huxley’s The Doors of Perception. Jim was the son of US Navy Admiral George Stephen Morrison, who was in command of the warships that purportedly came under Viet Cong attack, in the false-flag operation known as the Gulf of Tonkin incident of 1964, which provided the US the pretext to invade Vietnam. The first of the Laurel Canyon bands to produce an album were The Byrds, called “Mr. Tambourine Man.” It was soon followed by releases from the John Phillips-led Mamas and the Papas, Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention, and Buffalo Springfield. The Byrd’s David Crosby was the son of an Annapolis graduate and World War II military intelligence officer, Major Floyd Delafield Crosby.[10] Crosby was kicked out of The Byrds and joined up with Graham Nash and Stephen Stills to form Crosby, Stills & Nash.

Crosby, Stills and Nash were later joined by another former member of Buffalo Springfield, Neil Young. In 1966, while in Toronto, Young joined the Mynah Birds, fronted by Rick James, who would later transform himself into a stereotypical pimp persona to create the 1981 hit “Super Freak.” As the story goes, in 1964, an AWOL James Johnson (Rick James) made his way to Toronto and nearly got into a fight when he was rescued by a couple of local musicians, Levon Helm and Garth Hudson. Helm and Hudson were former members of Ontarian Ronnie Hawkins’ band the Hawks and went on to form the legendary group The Band. Hudson and Helm took James to a local bar, where he jumped up onstage with the band playing at the time. That group was impressed and invited him to join them. Initially known as the Sailorboys, they later changed their name to the Mynah Birds. The band was composed of Goldy McJohn and Nick St. Nicholas who would later become members of the rock band Steppenwolf. They were also joined by Bruce Palmer, who along with Young went on to become the founding members Buffalo Springfield, together with Stephen Stills and Richie Furay.

These groups were closely associated with Vito Paulekas, his wife Zsou and Karl Franzoni. Vito also happened to be first cousin of Eva Paul, wife of Winthrop Rockefeller.[11] According to Barry Miles in his book Hippie, “The first hippies in Hollywood, perhaps the first hippies anywhere, were Vito, his wife Zsou, Captain Fuck [Franzoni] and their group of about thirty-five dancers. Calling themselves Freaks, they lived a semi-communal life and engaged in sex orgies and free-form dancing whenever they could.”[12] According to Miles, Vito operated “the first crash pad in LA, an open house to countless runaways where everyone was welcome for a night, particularly young women.”[13]

Also in the troupe were most of the young girls who would later become part of Frank Zappa’s GTO project, including Gail Sloatman, who would later become Zappa’s wife. According to McGowan, Frank Zappa in the early years was Laurel Canyon’s father figure. He led an entourage in a residence dubbed the “Log Cabin” where, in the words of Michael Walker, author of Laurel Canyon, there “raged a rock-and-roll salon and Dionysian playground.”[14] Like many in the Laurel Canyon set, Zappa came from a family with a military and intelligence background. Zappa’s father was a chemical warfare specialist assigned to the Edgewood Arsenal, a facility frequently connected with MK-Ultra and the work of Andrija Puharich.

By the mid 1960s, the group had expanded into a guesthouse known as “the treehouse” at the Log Cabin. The “treehouse” attendees included Mick Jagger and his girlfriend Marianne Faithfull, members of the Animals, Mark Lindsay from Paul Revere and the Raiders, Alice Cooper who joined Zappa’s Mothers of Invention, Janis Joplin, and Roger McGuinn and Mike Clarke from the Byrds. Retired journalist John Bilby recalls, “Tim Leary was definitely there, George Harrison and Ravi Shankar were there.”[15] By 1967, the Zappa dancers were splitting their rent with staff from The Oracle. Zappa took over the commune in 1968. Also included in the pack was Kim Fowley, who had spent time working as young male street hustler, but had his greatest success creating The Runaways, featuring Joan Jett. The group were recently the subject of a film in 2010. Fowley crassly attired the band in leather and lingerie, and boasted, “everyone loved the idea of 16-year-old girls playing guitars and singing about fucking.”[16] After Fowley’s death in 2015, Jackie Fuch—who had bone by the stage name Jackie Fox—claimed that Fowley had raped her in 1975 during a New Year’s Eve party while he was involved with the band. Fox also alleged that Joan Jett and Cherie Currie witnessed the rape. Although Jet denied seeing it, the incident was corroborated by songwriter Kari Krome and other bystanders.[17]

Black Dahlia

“Papa” John Phillips was the son of US Marine Corp Captain Claude Andrew Phillips and a mother who claimed to have psychic powers. John’s father was stationed as a Marine in Haiti, as part of a military occupation in 1927, the same year that David Crosby’s father was in the country. John attended a series of elite military prep schools in the Washington DC area, culminating in an appointment to the US Naval Academy at Annapolis. After leaving Annapolis, John married Susie Adams, whose father, James Adams, Jr., had been involved in what Susie described as “cloak-and-dagger stuff with the Air Force in Vienna.”[18]

Phillips later married Michelle Phillips, then only sixteen, who became a founding member of the Mamas and Papas. Already in grade eight, Michelle had become a protégé of Tamar Hodel, daughter of Dr. George Hodel. As described in Vanity Fair in a December 2007 article titled “California Dreamgirl,” Hodel was “the most pathologically decadent man in Los Angeles” and “the city’s venereal-disease czar and a fixture in it’s A-list demimonde.” Hodel’s third of four wives, Dorothy, had previously been married to director John Huston. Tamar and her siblings had grown up in her father’s Hollywood house, which was the site of wild parties, sometimes joined by Huston and Man Ray, who had attended Maria Naglowska’s sex-magic society, the Confrerie de la Flèche d’Or.[19]

In 1947, after what appeared to be the ritual murder of American woman Elizabeth Short, a.k.a. the Black Dahlia, police came to consider Hodel a suspect. He was never formally charged with the crime, and came to wider attention as a suspect after his death when his son Steve Hodel, a Los Angeles homicide detective, accused George Hodel of killing Short. Steve also suspected his father of being the Lipstick killer of the 1940s and the Zodiac Killer of the 1960s, and that he may have been responsible for other murders.

Also noted in the article was that “George Hodel shared with Man Ray a love for the work of the Marquis de Sade and the belief that the pursuit of personal liberty was worth everything.”[20] Steve Hodel believes his father’s gruesome crimes stemmed from his obsession shaped in the world of art. “My father’s personal insanity was directly linked to his belief in surrealism,” said Steve. “Where his close friends, Man Ray and William Copley and Marcel Duchamp and others talked the talk, George Hodel walked the walk. He really believed there was no difference between dream and waking states. He was a nihilist, a misogynist and a sadist of the highest order.” The murder, explained Steve, “was his homage to Man Ray in replicating his artwork. Man Ray lived just a couple of miles from us. My father would have seen ‘Minotaur’ and ‘The Lovers’ — these were photos he did in the ’30s.”[21]

Jonathan Wallis, in an article titled “Case Open and/or Unsolved” at tout-fait The Marcel Duchamp Studies Online Journal, suggests that Marcel Duchamp’s Etant donnés could have been inspired by the Black Dahlia murder. Étant donnés, explains Wallis, has baffled scholars since its discovery after the Duchamp’s death. In 1968, following Duchamp’s instructions, the work was reinstalled in the Philadelphia Museum of Art by Anne d’Harnoncourt and Paul Matisse in 1969. With the exception of a select group of individuals that included the artist’s wife Alexina Matisse and her son Paul, the work was created by Duchamp in secrecy in New York. In mid-January 1947, Duchamp returned from a stay in Europe and arrived in New York as the Dahlia case began to unfold. Wallis speculates that Duchamp’s close friend Man Ray spent a week in New York on his way back from Paris in the same year, he may have shared this information with Duchamp. Ray’s influence on Duchamp’s conception of Étant donnés has already been suggested by other writers. According to Walllis, “The parallels between the Black Dahlia and Étant donnés are numerous. By far the most striking similarity involves the two bodies. In a photograph of Elizabeth Short’s body at the crime scene, she lies in thick, tall grass not unlike the twigs that surround the body in Étant donnés; her legs spread wide displaying her sex.”[22]

In late 1949, Hodel’s teenaged daughter Tamar accused him of sexual abuse. Hodel was acquitted after Tamar’s mother, Hodel’s second wife, testified that her daughter was a liar. “When I was 11” Tamar explained, my father taught me to perform oral sex on him.” Her father also “plied her with erotic books, grooming her for what he touted as their transcendent union,” and freely shared her with his influential friends.[23] Tamar talked of how she “often ‘uncomfortably’ posed nude… for ‘dirty-old-man’ Man Ray and had once wriggled free from a predatory John Huston.”[24] Incest became the theme of Roman Polanski’s 1974 film noire Chinatown, starring John Huston, Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway, which is nevertheless frequently listed as one of the greatest films of all time. Huston himself directed the Masonically-themed The Man Who Would Be King, based on a novella by Kipling, and starring Sean Connery, Michael Caine and Christopher Plummer.

Tamar “groomed” Michelle, providing her a fake ID and amphetamines to allow her to cope in school after staying up all night. And to keep Michelle’s father from disapproving, explained Michelle, “Tamar put on perfect airs around my dad and when it became necessary she would sleep with him.”[25] In addition to fellow band member Denny Doherty, Michelle would eventually also marry Dennis Hopper, and have affairs, among many others, with Jack Nicholson and Warren Beatty, brother to Shirley MacLaine. Beatty and Nicholson were part of a network of actors and musicians known as Hollywood’s “Young Turks,” who were featured in a series of films now considered counter-cultural classics, also featuring such as Peter Fonda, Bruce Dern and Dennis Hopper. One such movie was 1967’s The Trip, an attempt to create a film version of an LSD experience, written by Jack Nicholson. Nicholson would later star in the 1975 film version of Kesey’s book, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Hopper directed and Peter Fonda starred in one of the most critically acclaimed counter-cultural films of the decade, Easy Rider. The art director was Jeremy Kay, a member of the Solar Lodge of the OTO. Two weeks after Easy Rider premiered in 1969, police raided the Solar Lodge’s compound, after which eleven members of the sect were charged with felony child abuse.[26]

Lucifer Rising

Jeremy Kay had also worked on Crowley-inspired experimental film Scorpio Rising by Kenneth Anger, a protégé of synarchist Jean Cocteau, a purported Grand Master of the Priory of Sion. Sexologist Alfred Kinsey struck up a close friendship with Anger, as both shared an interest in Aleister Crowley, through whom he was introduced Parsons’ widow Marjorie Cameron. Anger enjoyed cult status in Hollywood as author of two controversial Hollywood Babylon books, and as an experimental filmmaker of Crowley-inspired films that merged surrealism with homoeroticism and the occult. Anger has been named as a major influence by directors as disparate as Martin Scorsese, David Lynch and John Waters.[27] For a while in the 1950s, he lived in Crowley’s former home Boleskine on the shores of Loch Ness. In 1955, he and Kinsey traveled to Crowley’s derelict Abbey of Thelema in Sicily in order to film a short documentary titled Thelema Abbey. Anger restored many of the erotic wall-paintings that were found there as well as performing certain Crowleyan rituals at the site. The documentary was made for the British television series Omnibus, but later lost. Jack Parsons’ wife Marjorie Cameron starred in Anger’s Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome, filmed in 1954, as “the Scarlet Woman,” which also featured Anaïs Nin as “Astarte.”

Anger’s mentor was Harry Everett Smith, whom he frequently referred to as “the greatest living magician.”[28] A member of the OTO, Smith claimed that Aleister Crowley was “probably” his biological father.[29] Smith frequented Weiser Books in New York, the oldest occult bookstore in the United States, which was first opened in 1926. The Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology referred to as “perhaps the most famous occult bookstore in the U.S.”[30] One customer was Karl Germer, successor to Aleister Crowley as head of the OTO. In 1955, Germer sold to Weiser the unbound sheets of the 1937 edition of his book The Equinox of the Gods which he inherited from Crowley along with other possessions. Germer also sold Weiser a collection of the First Edition of Crowley’s masterwork on the tarot, The Book of Thoth. The advent of the 60s counterculture, and the growth of popular interest in the occult and Eastern religious, Weiser to expand the company’s publishing activities. They recruited many contemporary authors, including as Israel Regardie, who was also a customer. Weiser Books used Smith’s designs for its paperback edition of Crowley’s Holy Books of Thelema.[31]

Smith was associated with Arthur M. Young, from Puharich’s Round Table Foundation.[32] According to Ed Sanders, Smith was the key advisor for Allen Ginsberg and the Fugs’ effort to levitate the Pentagon.[33] Known for experimenting heavily in hallucinogenic drugs, Smith became a hero not only of the Beat generation but of the Hippies of the 1960s, and in the last years of his life was financed by the Grateful Dead. He produced the Folkways anthology, the standard collection on which the sixties folk music revival was based. Folkways became an important influence for such artists as Bob Dylan and Smith received a Grammy in 1991 for his contribution to the music industry.

In 1961, LaVey and Anger had begun hosting regular parties in San Francisco for friends interested in magic and the supernatural, known as the Magic Circle, which became the precursor of the Church of Satan. Inspired by Sir Francis Dashwood’s Hellfire Club, LaVey believed that the Magic Circle could provide a modern-day version. Lectures included discussions on vampires, werewolves, ghosts, ESP and zombies, among other subjects. Guests included Cecil E. Nixon, Michael Harner, Gavin Arthur, Chester A. Arthur III, a Danish baroness named Carin de Plessen, along with a selection of science-fiction writers, a tattoo artist, a dildo manufacturer and a handful of San Francisco police officers.[34]

Born Chester A. Arthur III, Gavin Arthur was an astrologer and contributor to The Oracle, where he was responsible for popularizing the concept of the “Age of Aquarius.”[35] He was the grandson of US President Chester A. Arthur. Himself a sexologist, he was a friend to Havelock Ellis, and claimed to have had an affair with Walt Whitman’s lover Edward Carpenter, who would have then been in his seventies. [36] Arthur was said to have also been intimate with Beat personality Neal Cassady, and to have been a friend of Allen Ginsberg, Alan Watts and Alfred Kinsey, and was active in the early gay liberation movement.[37]

Lucifer Rising

In 1966, Anger moved into a large nineteenth-century Victorian house in San Francisco known as the Russian Embassy. Around this time, he began planning a new film titled Lucifer, based on the concept from Crowley’s Book of the Law that mankind had entered the Aeon of Horus. Crowley associate and OTO member Gerald Yorke was credited as a consultant. The first candidate to play in Anger’s Lucifer Rising was the three-year-old son of Zsou and Vito Paulekas, before dying of a tragic accident which betrayed connections with the Church of Satan. The child’s death was ascribed in the documentary Mondo Hollywood in morbid sarcasm as “medical malpractice,” being that Vito had fed the child LSD before it fell from a scaffolding and died. The child died on December 23, 1966, the very winter solstice heralded the Age of Satan by Anton LaVey. The boy’s mother suggested the fall occurred during a “wacky photo session,” which may be connected to the fact that, according to Beausoleil, some of Anger’s film projects were for private collectors: “Every once in a while he’d do a little thing that wouldn’t be for distribution.”[38] According to biographer Bill Landis, Kenneth Anger was at one time investigated by the police on suspicion that he had been producing snuff flicks.[39]

In 1967, Anger travelled to Swinging London where he first met John Paul Getty, Jr.—whose father Paul Getty was linked to the Profumo Affair through his association with Dr. Stephen Ward—who became Anger’s patron. In London, Anger became acquainted with Jimmy Page of rock band Led Zeppelin. Page composed a soundtrack for Anger’s Lucifer Rising, which was never used. Anger also introduced Page to Crowley, after which Page became the owner of one of the world’s largest collections of Crowley memorabilia, including becoming the owner of Crowley’s notorious Boleskine estate on the shores of Scotland’s Loch Ness. Page was helped in founding the Equinox Bookstore in London by Eric Hill, OTO member and resident Crowley expert of Weiser Books. As explained by Gary Lachman, founding member of the New Wave band Blondie and now author, in Turn Off Your Mind: The Mystic Sixties and the Dark Side of the Age of Aquarius, “tales of pacts with the Devil followed Zeppelin throughout their career, and stories of orgies, black masses and satanic rites were commonplace, mostly centered around the infamous Chateau Marmont off the Sunset Strip.”[40]

Anger attended parties hosted by a close friend of William S. Burroughs, Robert Fraser, also known as “Groovy Bob,” a pivotal figure of Swinging London. Burroughs claimed Anger put a hex on him. Anger was known for throwing curses on just about anyone, even threatening his best friends like the Rolling Stones.[41] Tony Sanchez, a friend of the Rolling Stones, describes that Jagger and Richards, and their girlfriends Marianne Faithfull and Anita Pallenberg, “listened spellbound as Anger turned them on to Aleister Crowley’s powers and ideas.”[42] Anger, commenting on Anita, said, “I believe that Anita is, for want of a better word, a witch… The occult unit within the Stones was Keith and Anita… and Brian Jones. You see, Brian was a witch too.”[43] The home of Brian Jones, where he drowned in his own pool in 1969, was described by Faithfull as “a veritable witches’ coven of decadent illuminati, rock princelings and hip aristos.”[44] In rare footage of a television special named Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus, during The Rolling Stones’ performance of “Sympathy for the Devil,” Mick Jagger tears off his shirt to reveal a Baphomet tattoo, drawn specifically for the occasion.[45]

Anger decided to use much of the footage created for Lucifer Rising in a new film, Invocation of My Demon Brother, which starred Anger himself, as well as Bobby Beausoleil, Richards and Jagger, who composed the music. Playing the role of the devil in Anger’s Invocation of My Demon Brother alongside Bobby Beausoleil, was Anton LaVey. Beausoleil was convicted of killing Gary Hinman in 1970 under the orders of Charles Manson. Having lost his star performer, Anger then asked Mick Jagger to play Lucifer, but finally settled on Anton La Vey.

Process Church

Both Mick Jagger and Marianne Faithfull were associated with the Process Church.[46] The Process Church was founded by the English couple Mary Anne MacLean, known as “the Oracle,” and Robert DeGrimston.[47] Having ended her affair with former boxing champion Sugar Ray Robinson, MacLean went back to England and from 1959 operated in her apartment as a high-class prostitute, on the fringes of what became known as the Profumo Affair, where she was one of Stephen Ward’s girlfriends.[48] MacLean and de Grimston met while both members of the Church of Scientology in the early 1960s. The couple were soon expelled from the organization, and with the financial help of a lawyer friend, they started a group based on the organizational methods of Scientology and the ideas of the psychologist Alfred Adler, called Compulsions Analysis. Adler, who developed the idea of the inferiority complex, believed that people were driven by what he called “secret goals,” or hidden drives that gave rise to compulsions and neuroses. The idea was to discover these motives and make them conscious.

The Processians initially lived in a commune in Mayfair, West London, before moving Nassau and then to Xtul in Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula, where they set up a sort of commune. It was in Xtul that Robert and Mary Ann, reflecting on the teachings of Carl Jung, elaborated their own doctrine of the four “Great Gods of the Universe.”[49] MacLean and de Grimston shared an interest in Carl Jung, who proposed a reconstruction of the Trinity, where a fourth “dark” element, the Devil, emerged from the subconscious, thus converting the Trinity into a “Quaternity.” In 1967, Moore introduced the notion of four divinities to the church’s beliefs. The Process Church stated that “Jehovah is strength. Lucifer is light. Satan is separation. Christ is unification.”[50]

The Process Church was often viewed as Satanic as they worshipped both Christ and Satan, who they believed would become reconciled, and come together at the end of the world to judge humanity. “Christ said,” wrote de Grimston, “Love thine enemy. Christ’s enemy was Satan and Satan’s enemy was Christ.”[51] De Grimston preached a millennialist doctrine that the Day of Judgement was near at hand and that Christ and Satan were working together to bring it about. The sacred duty of every member was to do all could to help. Interpreting the war of Armageddon from the Book of Revelation as a gratuitously violent event, de Grimston understood Satan was as Christ’s executioner. By contributing to the ensuing death, chaos, destruction and the deterioration of society, the Processians could help advance it.[52] De Grimston published three books on the subject of war, Jehovah on War, Lucifer on War and Satan on War, alleging that the words are from the three gods themselves operating through him. In Satan on War, de Grimston urges humans to: “Release the fiend that lies dormant within you, for he is strong and ruthless and his power is far beyond the bounds of human frailty.”

Members of the Process dressed in dramatic black sweaters, robes and capes, and a silver pendant in the shape of a cross and the Satanic Goat of Mendes, picked out in red stitching on the reverse of their capes. The Process Church also venerated Adolf Hitler, openly courted neo-Nazi affiliations, and their symbol was a variation of the red Templar cross in a derivative of the swastika.[53] McLean even claimed to be a reincarnation of Joseph Goebbels.[54]

In November of 1966, after their project in Xtul was destroyed by a hurricane, most of them moved back to heart of Swinging London. Members of the Process Church were also visitors of the Indica Bookshop, run by Peter Asher—brother of Paul McCartney’s girlfriend, Jane Asher—Sixties chronicler Barry Miles and Marianne Faithfull’s husband John Dunbar. Terry writes that between 1966 and 1967, the Process Church, “sought out the famous, striving to convert the Beatles and the Rolling Stones.”[55] There they opened a library and an all-night coffee shop known as Satan’s Cavern, which attracted the likes of Chögyam Trungpa Rimpoche, The Beatles’ manager Brian Epstein and Marianne Faithfull.[56] One issue of their glossy magazine, The Process, shows Faithfull lying naked as if dead, clutching a rose. Another issue dedicated to “Freedom of Expression,” had Marianne Faithfull’s boyfriend Mick Jagger on the cover. Jagger was himself had an interest in Crowley and his song Sympathy for the Devil became a favorite of the Processians and other occult groups.[57]

In 1967 and 1968, de Grimston and McLean made various international trips to East Asia, the United States, Germany and Italy, where they visited the ruins of the Abbey of Thelema on Cefalu, the commune established by Crowley in the 1920s.[58] By 1968, The Process had spread to the States, establishing churches in New York, Boston, New Orleans, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Charles Manson was also associated with the Process Church, whose American headquarters were established in Haight-Ashbury, only two blocks from where Charles Manson was living.

Manson Family

Ed Sanders in The Family, published in 1971, asserted that Charles Manson was also a member of the Solar Lodge of the OTO, which specialized “in blood-drinking, sado-sodo sex magic and hatred of blacks.”[59] Conforming to the expectations of the Process theology, Manson apparently intended to create a race war which would help usher in the Final Judgement. To this end, Mason attempted to implicate the Black Panthers, in the belief that there would result a violent backlash from the white neo-Nazi movement, leading to bloody confrontation. This matched the confession from an interrogation conducted by the LAPD of a former Process member, who explained, “They are just totally against what they call the ‘Grey Forces’, the rich establishment or the Negroes.” He added, “but they would also like to use the Negro as a whole to begin some kind of militant thing… They are really good at picking out angry people.”[60]

Before the infamous murders, Manson had spent more than half of his life in correctional institutions. In prison, Manson studied psychiatry, hypnosis, and the occult. Manson was released from a California prison in March 1967. He was required by law to report regularly to a parole officer named Roger Smith, who was based at the Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic (HAFMC) in San Francisco. The clinic was a project of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), which was founded by Robert Hanna Felix, 33º Mason, who was a director of the Scottish Rite’s psychiatric research. It was later revealed that as part of MK-Ultra, under Felix, Dr. Harris Isbell carried out experiments using mainly black drug addicts, at the Addiction Research Center in Lexington, Kentucky.

As demonstrated by Carol Greene in TestTube Murder: The Case of Charles Manson, the Haight-Ashbury clinic director was Smith’s colleague, David E. Smith (no relation), who was also the publisher of the Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, and a leading national advocate for the legalized use of narcotics. David and Robert Smith both shared an interest in the concept of “behavioral sinks,” whereby rats, in response to overcrowding were naturally inclined to violence and criminality, and believed that these tendencies could be aggravated by drugs. David and Robert Smith received funding from the NIMH to study the effects of drugs like LSD and methamphetamine on the counterculture movement in Haight-Ashbury.[61] Manson received permission from Roger Smith to move from Berkeley to the Haight-Ashbury. Manson and his mostly female followers came to see Roger Smith regularly at the HAFMC throughout their stay in the Haight.[62] Manson first took LSD and would use it frequently during his time there. David Smith wrote that the change in Manson’s personality during this time “was the most abrupt Roger Smith had observed in his entire professional career.”[63]

Manson was also fascinated by OTO member Robert Heinlein’s Stranger in a Strange Land, and used it as a sort of model for his “family,” even naming his illegitimate son after the book’s protagonist. Inspired by the burgeoning free love of the Summer of Love, Manson began preaching his own philosophy based on a mixture of Heinlein, the Bible, Scientology, Dale Carnegie and the Beatles, which quickly earned him a following. As Manson luridly commented: “Pretty little girls were running around everyplace with no panties or bras and asking for love. Grass and hallucinatory drugs were being handed to you on the streets. It was a different world than I had ever been in and one that I believed was too good to be true. I didn’t run from it. I joined it and the generation that lived in it.”[64]

According to Maury Terry, David Berkowitz, known infamously as the Son of Sam serial killer, informed a fellow inmate that Manson belonged to the Los Angeles chapter of the cult and was working “on orders” when he directed his Family to commit the murders. According to Vincent Bugliosi, the Deputy District Attorney ultimately assigned to prosecute Charles Manson for the multiple murders in Hollywood during July and August 1969, there is fairly persuasive evidence that Mason borrowed some of the Process’ teachings: “Both preached an imminent, violent Armageddon, in which all but the chosen few would be destroyed. Both found the basis for this in the Book of Revelation.”[65]

Rosemary’s Baby

The Manson murders of Stephen Parent, Sharon Tate, Jay Sebring, Voytek Frykowski and Abigail Folger, shortly after midnight on August 9, 1969, involved a series of cross-associations that hint of a bizarre and depraved world involving the celebrities of Laurel Canyon and the black arts. According to an FBI operative, Folger was backing Frykowski in the drug business.[66] Frykowski and his girlfriend, the twenty-five year-old coffee heiress Abigail (Gibby) Folger, lived across the street from Mama Cass and knew her well. Manson Family associate Charles Melton said: “I’ve heard that Charlie used to go down to Mama Cass’s place and they were all sitting around and she’d bring out the food. Squeaky [Fromme, who later tried to shoot President Gerald Ford] and Gypsy [Catherine Share] were down there. Everyone would jam and have fun and eat.”[67] Ed Sanders notes that Manson met Abigail Folder at the home of Mamma Case Elliot. According to Terry, Folger lent money to Manson on occasion, but when she stopped, Manson turned against her.[68] Folger had also funded the establishment of the Himalayan Academy, which connected Timothy Leary, Kenneth Anger and Charles Manson. It was there that Manson first encountered the Process.[69]

John Phillips of the Mamas and the Papas was one of the investors in Sebring International founded by Jay Sebring, hair-dresser to the stars, on whom the 1975 movie Shampoo starring Warren Beatty was based. Sammy Davis Jr., who became attracted to LaVey’s Church of Satan, was introduced to Satanism when he ran into Sebring on his way to a ritual.[70] Susan Atkins, who stabbed Sharon Tate to death, was for a time a dancer in LaVey’s Topless Witches Revue.[71] According to Sammy Davis Jr., had he been in L.A at the time, he likely would have been at the same residence as the Manson murders. “Everyone there,” he explained, “had at one time or another been into Satanism, or, like myself, had dabbled around the edges for sexual kicks.”[72]

Manson and his “family” had been living in Beach Boy Dennis Wilson’s house at 14400 Sunset Boulevard after Wilson had picked them up hitchhiking. In 1968, the Beach Boys recorded Manson’s song “Cease to Exist,” renamed “Never Learn Not to Love” as a single B-side, but without a credit to Manson. A 1968 recording of Manson’s original version of “Cease to Exist” appeared on his debut album Lie: The Love and Terror Cult, released in March 1970, by Phil Kaufman, through a record label branded Awareness Records. Kaufman met Charles Manson while they were inmates in Terminal Island Prison. In 1968, Kaufman moved in briefly with Manson and his Family. According to Kaufman, he has “had sex with more murderers than anyone else in show business.” Kaufman later left the Family, claiming it was because he was “too smart.”[73] After getting out of prison, he was offered a job driving for Mick Jagger and Marianne Faithfull. Through Keith Richards, Kaufman met Gram Parsons, and agreed to tour manage his group The Flying Burrito Brothers. Kaufman also worked with Emmylou Harris, Joe Cocker, Frank Zappa, Hank Williams III, Etta James, and many more.[74]

Afterward, Manson attempted to secure a record contract through Melcher, who was introduced to him by Wilson, but was unsuccessful. Terry Melcher, the son of Doris Day, was living at 10050 Cielo Drive, the home he shared with his girlfriend, actress Candice Bergen, and with musician Mark Lindsay, the lead singer of Paul Revere & the Raiders. A few years earlier, when she was eighteen, Bergen had been on a date with Donald Trump.[75] When Manson was arrested, it was widely reported that he had sent his followers to the house to kill Melcher and Bergen. Not long after that, Melcher and Bergen moved out of the Cielo Drive home, and then the house’s owner, Rudi Altobelli, leased it to film director Roman Polanski and his wife, actress Sharon Tate. Atkins stated to police and before a grand jury that the house was chosen as the scene for the murders “to instill fear into Terry Melcher because Terry had given us his word on a few things and never came through with them.”[76]

Polanski had had an affair with Michelle Phillips in London while he was married to Tate, who was eight-an-a-half months pregnant at the time she was killed. Tate had been initiated into witchcraft by Alex Sanders, the High Priest of Gerald Gardner’s Wicca, during the filming of 13, also known as Eye of the Devil.[77] Polanski had just directed Rosemary’s Baby in 1968, based on the best-selling book by the same name by Ira Levin, major elements of which were inspired by the notion of Crowley’s Moonchild, as well as the publicity surrounding LaVey’ Church of Satan.[78] In the movie, the role played by Mia Farrow is drugged by a Satanic coven to be impregnated by Satan, to be born in 1966, the same year LaVey started his Church of Satan, and celebrated in the movie as “the Year One.” LaVey attended the San Francisco premiere of the movie to serve as publicity.[79]

A week before Rosemary’s Baby premiered in Los Angeles on June 12, 1968, Polanski and Tate attended a party hosted by John Frankenheimer, director of The Manchurian Candidate, where Robert F. Kennedy was the guest of honor, the same evening that he was later shot to death by Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan at the Ambassador Hotel. Witnesses to the shooting say that Sirhan’s demeanor was strangely calm, and Sirhan himself claims to have no recollection of the killing.[80] Sirhan had become interested in the psychic teachings of AMORC, a subject that also interested Charles Manson when he was in prison.[81] After his arrest, Sirhan requested copies of Blavatsky’s The Secret Doctrine, as well as Talks on the Path of Occultism, Volume I: At the Feet of the Master, co-authored by Annie Besant and Charles W. Leadbetter. William Turner, a former FBI agent and Democratic Party Congressional candidate, who with his campaign manager John Christian co-authored The Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy: The Conspiracy and Cover-Up (1993), showed that Sirhan’s famous notebook contained numerous allusions to the Illuminati and “Kuthumi,” the equivalent Koot Humi, an Ascended Master contacted by Blavatsky’s successor Alice Bailey.

According to Beatles biographer Geoffrey Giuliano, at a party in California in 1973, John Lennon “went berserk, hurling a chair out the window, smashing mirrors, heaving a TV against the wall, and screaming nonsense about film director Roman Polanski being to blame.”[82] Lennon was shot in 1980 in front of the Dakota Building in New York, which was used in the filming Rosemary’s Baby. Manson had instructed Beausoleil to make the murders look like they had been committed by Black revolutionaries, because he had been predicting to his Family that a race war was imminent, which he referred to as Helter Skelter, borrowed from a Beatles’ song of the same name, on the so-called White Album. The Beatles famously included Crowley as one of the many figures on the cover sleeve of their 1967 album Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band.

Timothy Leary was also present when Lennon and his wife, Yoko Ono, recorded “Give Peace a Chance” in 1969 during one of their bed-ins in Montreal, and is mentioned in the lyrics of the song. Leary referred to the Beatles as “the four evangelists,” and referring to Sgt. Pepper’s he conceded, “I’m already an anachronism in the LSD movement anyway. The Beatles have taken my place. That latest album—a complete celebration of LSD.”[83] The Beatles famously included Crowley and Timothy Leary among the many figures on the cover sleeve of their 1967 album Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. Others figured included H.G. Wells, Aldous Huxley, William S. Burroughs, Hermann Hesse, Alan Watts, Carlos Castaneda, D.T. Suzuki, R.D. Laing, Jorge Luis Borges, Timothy Leary, Madame Blavatsky, J.R.R. Tolkien and Carl Jung.

The album contained a fantasized version of an LSD trip, called “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds.” As John Lennon later noted, reflecting the intent of the Tavistock Institute, “changing the lifestyle and appearance of youth throughout the world didn’t just happen—we set out to do it. We knew what we were doing.”[84] Leary once recruited Lennon to write a theme song for his California gubernatorial campaign against Ronald Reagan, which was interrupted by his prison sentence due to cannabis possession. Lennon was inspired to come up with “Come Together,” based on Leary’s catchphrase for the campaign.

According to Maury Terry, two days after the murders, Manson was driving a Mercedes-Benz belonging to a major LSD dealer, working with the Hell’s Angels. The man, whom Terry referred to as under the alias of Chris Jetz, was “said to have been a former Israeli who had strong links with the intelligence community.”[85] The first time anyone had heard of Stark was when one of his emissaries turned up in New York to see William Mellon Hitchcock.[86] Hitchcock, who was then trying to distance himself from the drug trade, directed Stark to the Brotherhood of Eternal Love, who were dubbed the Hippie Mafia, by the police.

Two Processeans visited Manson in jail. Manson later contributed an article for the Process “Death” issue, calling death “total awareness, closing the circle, bringing the soul to now.” Neil Young was introduced to Charles Manson by Dennis Wilson of the Beach Boys, and was impressed enough with Manson’s musical abilities to recommend him to Mo Ostin, president of Warner Brothers. Reminiscing years later, Young seemed to be still enthralled with Mason’s personality, saying: “he was an angry man. But brilliant… He sounds like Dylan when he talks.”[87] He went even further: “He’s like one of the main movers and shakers of time – when you look back at Jesus and all these people, Charlie was like that.”[88] For his part, Manson said in a 1995 interview from prison in California that all his old musician friends “didn’t give a sh*t,” except Neil Young, he remembered, who once gave him a motorcycle.[89] As Neil Young explained, “a lot of pretty well-known musicians around L.A. knew him, though they’d probably deny it now.”[90]

Satanic Bible

LaVey blended ideological influences from Friedrich Nietzsche, Ayn Rand, H.L. Mencken, and Social Darwinism with the ideology and ritual practices of the Church of Satan. The Sabbatic goat inside the inverted pentagram, called the Sigil of Baphomet, the purported deity worshipped by the Templars, is the primary symbol of the Church of Satan. LaVey identified Lovecraft’s Goat of One Thousand Young (Shub Niggurath) as one of the readings of the Baphomet in the bestselling The Satanic Bible (1969). The Satanic Bible is divided in four parts, called the Book of Satan, the Book of Lucifer, the Book of Belial, and the Book of Leviathan. A substantial part of the Book of Satan derives from Might is Right, an obscure work published in Australia in 1890, promoting a Social Darwinism and the right of the strong to oppress the weak.

LaVey wrote and later The Satanic Rituals (1971), which employed the ideas of H.P. Lovecraft, the Enochian Keys of Elizabethan magician John Dee. The Satanic Rituals included seven rituals, including a heavily modified version of the Black Mass, the baptisms for children and adults, the wedding and the funeral of Church of Satan. The first, the ritual of the “Stifling Air,” enacts the vengeance of the Templars against the King of France and the Pope. In a ritual LaVey claimed to have derived from the Shriners, the Pope is lain in a coffin, where a young woman will “convert” him to the pleasures of the flesh.

One of the most significant ceremonies of the Church of Satan was “Das Tierdrama,” which LaVey claimed was derived from an ancient ritual of the Bavarian Illuminati. In fact, the Tierdrama includes the chant “Are We Not Men” from H.G. Well’s The Island of Dr. Moreau, later employed by the rock band Devo. The third ritual is called “Die Elektrischen Vorspiele.” and is based both on German expressionist cinema of the 1920s and on the theories on sexual energy of Wilhelm Reich (1897–1957). The last ritual, the “Declaration of Shaitan,” was presented by LaVey as an adaptation of rituals of the devil-worshipping Yazidis of Iraq.[91]

LaVey included a rite in the Satanic Rituals that was presented as originating with the Nazi SS, referred to as “the intellectual element of the budding Sicherheitsdienst.” As Chris Mathews noted in Modern Satanism, “One of the most consistent and recurrent themes of modern Satanism are its connections to fascism and neo-Nazism.”[92] Although LaVey was Jewish, he claimed that “The aesthetics of Satanism are those of National Socialism.”[93] In his essay “A Plan,” published posthumously in Satan Speaks!, LaVey explained why Satanists have an affinity for elements of both Judaism and Nazism:

The aesthetic of Nazism is grounded in black. The medieval black magician, usually a Jew, practiced the ‘Black Arts.’ The new Satanic (conveniently described as ‘neo-Nazi’) aesthetic is spearheaded by young people who favor black clothing, many of whom have partially Jewish backgrounds.

…To be a Satanist is, by association, already to be aligned with the universal devil Jew. The Jews have always had the Devil’s name.

…It will become easier and more convincing for any Satanist to combine a Jewish lineage with a Nazi aesthetic, and with pride rather than with guilt and misgiving.

…The only place a rational amalgam of proud, admitted, Zionist Odinist Bolshevik Nazi Imperialist Socialist Fascism will be found—and championed—will be in the Church of Satan. Say! That’s not a bad sounding name for something! “The Church of Satan!”[94]

Dennis Mower, who was a chauffeur for Christian Identity preacher Dr. Wesley Swift, along with another homosexual ex-Minuteman named Don Sisco joined the Satanic Church of San Francisco. NSRP member James Warner began attending the Church of Satan about this time and became acquainted with Mower.[95] James Wagner, a former Security Echalon (SE) commander, recalled that there were close relations between Madole’s National Renaissance Party (NRP) and the Church of Satan. Madole and LaVey met frequently, and Madole is said to have erected a large satanic altar in his apartment, which included an image of Baphomet, and Madole played LaVey’s recording of the Satanic Mass at several NRP meetings. One NRP bulletin shows a picture of Madole and an SE trooper with the high priest of the Temple of Baal. Douglas Robbins, another ex-leader from the Church of Satan, cultivated close links with Madole, and formed the satanic Order of the Black Ram with some other NRP members and incorporated the principles of the Satanic Bible “to celebrate the ancient religious rites of the Aryan race.”[96] Other fascist groups also sought alliances, including the American Nazi Party and the militant United Klans of America. Ultimately, LaVey turned all of them down, but acknowledged his appreciation for their “camaraderie.”[97]

[1] Nigel Cawthorne. Cults: The World’s Most Notorious Cults (London: Quercus Publishing, 2019).

[2] San Francisco Oracle, vol. 1, issue 5, p. 2.

[3] Lee & Shlain, Acid Dreams, pp. 126.

[4] Robert Anton Wilson. Cosmic Trigger (1977) p. 175.

[5] Ibid. p. 65.

[6] Ibid., p. 189.

[7] Ibid. p. 65.

[8] Ibid, pp. 119.

[9] Neil Strauss. Everyone Loves You When You’re Dead: Journeys into Fame and Madness (New York: HarperCollins, 2011, p. 337-38)

[10] McGowan, “Inside The LC,” Part II.

[11] McGowan, “Inside The LC,” Part VIII.

[12] Barry Miles, Hippie, (London: Sterling Publishing 2004), p. 60.

[13] Ibid., p. 58.

[14] Michael Walker, Laurel Canyon: The Inside Story of Rock-And-Roll’s Legendary Neighborhood, (New York: Faber and Faber, 2006) p. 26.

[15] Jack Boulware, “The Rock and Roll Treehouse,” www.jackboulware.com, (April 20, 2006). [http://www.jackboulware.com/writing/journalism/the-rock-and-roll-treehouse]

[16] McGowan, “Inside The LC,” Part V.

[17] Jason Cherkis. “The Lost Girls.” Huffington Post  (July 9, 2015). Retrieved from http://highline.huffingtonpost.com/articles/en/the-lost-girls/

[18] McGowan, “Inside The LC,” Part I.

[19] Ibid.

[20] Ibid.

[21] Sara Stewart. “Why this family is convinced its patriarch is the Black Dahlia killer.” New York Post (February 13, 2019).

[22] Wallis, Jonathan. “Case Open and/or Unsolved: Étant donnés, the Black Dahlia Murder, and Marcel Duchamp’s Life of Crime.”  Tout-fait: The Marcel Duchamp Studies Online Journal (2005). Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20080313130615/http://www.toutfait.com:80/duchamp.jsp?postid=4310&keyword=

[23] Ibid.

[24] Ibid.

[25] Sheila Weller, “California Dreamgirl,” Vanity Fair (December 2007).

[26] McGowan, “Inside The LC,” Part VII.

[27] Mick Brown. “Kenneth Anger: Where The Bodies Are Buried.” Esquire (June 3, 2014).

[28] Daniel Pinchbeck & Ken Jordan. Toward 2012: Perspectives on the Next Age (Penguin, 2008) p. 161.

[29] Mike Everleth. “The Underground Film World Of Aleister Crowley.” Bad Lit (February 1, 2009).

[30] Leslie Shepherd. Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology, 2nd Printing, (Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company). Vol. 2, p. 978.

[31] Ed Sanders. Liner Notes (2000), p. 24.

[32] Ibid.

[33] Ed Sanders. Liner Notes (2000), p. 24.

[34] Lawrence Wright. “Sympathy for the Devil: It’s not easy being evil in a world that’s gone to hell.” Rolling Stone (September 5th, 1991).

[35] Lachman. Turn Off Your Mind.

[36] Ibid.

[37] Bill Morgan. I Celebrate Myself: The Somewhat Private Life of Allen Ginsberg (2006) p. 294.

[38] David McGowan. “Weird Scenes Inside the Canyon: Laurel Canyon, Covert Ops & the Dark Heart of the Hippie Dream.” (SCB Distributors, 2014).

[39] Bill Landis. Anger: an unauthorized biography of Kenneth Anger (HarperCollins Publishers, 1995). p. 124.

[40] Lachman. Turn Off Your Mind.

[41] Ibid.

[42] Tony Sanchez. Up And Down With The Rolling Stones, (Da Capo, 1979) p. 147.

[43] Alex Maloney. Rock Music: The Citadel of Satan, (Xlibris, 2011) p. 59.

[44] Lachman. Turn Off Your Mind.

[45] Barry J. Faulk. British Rock Modernism, 1967-1977: The Story of Music Hall in Rock (Routledge, 2016) p. 98.

[46] Timothy Wyllie. Love Sex Fear Death: The Inside Story of The Process Church, (Port Townsend, WA: Feral House, 2009).

[47] Timothy Wyllie. Love Sex Fear Death: The Inside Story of The Process Church, (Port Townsend, WA: Feral House, 2009).

[48] Nigel Cawthorne. Cults: The World’s Most Notorious Cults (London: Quercus Publishing, 2019).

[49] Massimo Introvigne. Satanism: A Social History (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2016), p. 330.

[50] Gavin Baddeley. Lucifer Rising: Sin, Devil Worship & Rock n’ Roll (third ed.) (London: Plexus, 2010), p. 61.

[51] Gary Lachman. “The Process,” Fortean Times (May 2000).

[52] Tim Tate. Children for the Devil: Ritual Abuse and Satanic Crime (London: Methuen, 1991), p. 176.

[53] Lachman. “The Process.”

[54] Levenda. Unholly Alliance.

[55] Maury Terry. The Ultimate Evil, p. 211.

[56] Timothy Wyllie & Adam Parfrey. Love, Sex, Fear, Death: The Inside Story of The Process Church of the Final Judgment (Feral House, 2009), p. 49.

[57] Introvigne. Satanism, p. 331.

[58] Introvigne. Satanism, p. 332.

[59] Ed Sanders, The Family (NY: E.P.Dutton and Co., Inc.. 1971) p. 69, 159.

[60] Tate. Children for the Devil, p. 186.

[61] Tom O’Neill. CHAOS: Charles Manson, the CIA, and the Secret History of the Sixties (Little, Brown, 2019), p. 251.

[62] Ibid., p. 266.

[63] David E Smith & John Luce. Love Needs Care: A History of San Francisco’s Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic and Its Pioneer Role Treating Drug-abuse Problems (Boston: Little, Brown, 1971), p. 257.

[64] Tim Tate. Children for the Devil: Ritual Abuse and Satanic Crime (London: Methuen, 1991), p. 181.

[65] Ibid., p. 182.

[66] Terry. Ultimate Evil, p. 594.

[67] Ibid., p. 600.

[68] Ibid., p. 607.

[69] Ibid., p. 609.

[70] Gary Lachman. Turn Off Your Mind: The Mystic Sixties and the Dark Side of the Age of Aquarius (Red Wheel Weiser. Kindle Edition).

[71] Asbjørn Dyrendal, James R. Lewis & Jesper Aa Petersen. The Invention of Satanism (Oxford University Press, 2016), p. 57.

[72] Lachman. Turn Off Your Mind.

[73] “Rock and Roll’s Most Infamous Tour Manager.” VICE (May 12, 2012). Retrieved from https://youtu.be/2a2b3rBrHM4?t=299

[74] Phil Kaufman. Road Mangler Deluxe (Colin White & Laurie Boucke, 1998).

[75] Lisa Respers France. “Candice Bergen and Donald Trump went on a date.” CNN (September 27, 2018).

[76] “Terry Melcher.” The Daily Telegraph (November 23, 2004).

[77] Ibid.

[78] Burton H. Wolfe. The Devil’s Avenger: A Biography of Anton Szandor LaVey (New York: Pyramid Books, 1974).

[79] Chris Mathews. Modern Satanism: Anatomy of a Radical Subculture (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009), p. 52.

[80] Peter Levenda & Jim Hougan. The Nine (Sinister Forces: A Grimoire of American Political Witchcraft, Book 1) (Trine Day, 2011).

[81] Jim Keith. Mind-control, World Control, p. 174.

[82] Geoffrey Giuliano. Lennon in America: based in part on the lost Lennon diaries, 1971-1980 (Cooper Square Press, 2000), p. 57.

[83] Stevens. Storming Heaven. p. 345.

[84] Mikal Gilmore. Stories Done: Writings on the 1960s and Its Discontents (New York: Free Press, 2008) p. 154

[85] Terry. Ultimate Evil, p. 597.

[86] Kerry Bolton. Revolution from Above (UK: Arktos Media, 2011) p. 125.

[87] McDonough, Jimmy, Shakey: Neil Young’s Biography (Random House, 2002), p. 288.

[88] Ibid.

[89] ibid., p. 287.

[90] Lachman, Turn Off Your Mind.

[91] Introvigne. Satanism, p. 332-334.

[92] Chris Mathews. Modern Satanism: Anatomy of a Radical Subculture (Westport CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009), p. 139.

[93] Michael Moynihan. Lords of Chaos: The Bloody Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground, rev. and exp. ed (Los Angeles: Feral House, 2003), p. 261.

[94] Anton Szandor LaVey. Satan Speaks! (Los Angeles: Feral House, 1998).

[95] “Jewish Infiltration into the Nationalist Movement in the United States.” The Deguello Report (1976?).

[96] Goodrick-Clarke. The Occult Roots of Nazism, p. 83.

[97] Chris Mathews. Modern Satanism: Anatomy of a Radical Subculture (Westport CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009), p. 83.

Volume Four

1. MK-Ultra

2. Council of Nine

3. Old Right

4. Novus Ordo Liberalism

5. In God We Trust

6. Fascist International

7. Red Scare

8. White Makes Right

9. JFK Assassination

10. The Civil Rights Movement

11. Golden Triangle

12. Crowleyanity

13. Counterculture

14. The Summer of Love

15. The Esalen Institute

16. Ordo ab Discordia

17. Make Love, Not War

18. Chaos Magick

19. Nixon Years

20. Vatican II

21. Priory of Sion

22. Nouvelle Droite

23. Operation Gladio