Eurasia Party 

The founding fathers of Ariosophy, Guido von List and Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels, posited the Urheimat of the Aryans to be the vanished polar continent of Arktogäa (“Northern-Gaia”), associated with the primordial Aryo-Germanic heritage. In the year following his first work, The Ways of the Absolute in 1990, Dugin founded the Historico-Religious Association “Arktogeia,” which would serve as both the headquarters of the intellectual and political networks that he was establishing and as Dugin’s own publishing house. The later international, English-language version Arctogaia presented itself as follows:

ARCTOGAIA is the association of intellectuals who study religious traditions, cultures and history of world nations. The association's activities are focused on the development of closer ties between each two world’s religions and nations on the background of one, pre-historic, all-human, primordial tradition, which is subject to reconstruction. The special attention is paid to traditional being of peoples of the Eurasian continent. Eurasian traditional life style, culture, confessions are the major subjects of Arctogaia’s researches as well as the influence the Eurasians had on the universal historical process. The members of the association also study the profound principles of social and political ideologies and movements.[1]

The Arktogeia manifesto lists thirty-one “formulas for opposing the modern world” as well as “archetypal personalities which are central to our cause.” These “ideological lists,” published as part of Dugin’s first manifesto, included figures from the history of Traditionalism, Eurasianism, the Conservative Revolution, Frankfurt School, the Avant-Garde, GRECE and Shiite Islam, including: Rene Guenon, Evola, Konstantin Leontiev, George Sorel, Ernst Jünger, Baron Ungern-Sternberg, Heidegger, Ernst Niekisch, Moeller van den Bruck, Haushofer, George Lukacs, Nietzsche, Jean-Francois Thiriart, Dostoyevsky, Carl Schmitt Georges Bataille, Herman Wirth, Jean Parvulesco, Carl Jung, Lev Gumilev, Herbert Marcuse, Guy Debord, Nikolai Trubetzkoy, Khomeini, Ali Shariati, Mircea Eliade, Ezra Pound, Gilles Dleuze, Arthur Rimbaud, George Dumezil, Alain de Benoist and Johnny Rotten.

Dugin’s ideas formed the basis for the founding of the Eurasia Party, which was registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 21 June 2002, approximately one year after Dugin established the Pan-Russian Eurasia Movement. According to Andrew Wilson, the party was initially partly funded by the FSB, the main successor of the KGB.[2] The flag of Dugin’s Eurasian Party features eight white or yellow thunderbolts shaped in a radial pattern set on a black background. This symbol by itself is alternatively referred to in Chaos magic as the “wheel of chaos,” “the symbol of chaos,” “arms of chaos,” “the arrows of chaos,” “the chaos star,” “the chaos cross,” “the chaosphere” or “the symbol of eight.”[3] It can be presumed to refer to “Chaos Magick.”

“In short,” explains Robert Zubrin, “Dugin’s Eurasianism is a satanic cult.”[4] Heiser comments on Dugin’s worship of Chaos, and the adoption of the eight-pointed “Star of Chaos”:

For Dugin, logos is replaced by chaos, and the very symbol of chaos magic is the symbol of Eurasia: ‘Logos has expired and we all will be buried under its ruins unless we make an appeal to chaos and its metaphysical principles, and use them as a basis for something new.’ Dugin dressed his discussion of logos in the language of Heidegger, but his terminology cannot be read outside of a 2,000-year-old Western, biblical tradition which associates the Logos with the Christ, and Dugin’s invocation of chaos against logos leads to certain inevitable conclusions regarding his doctrines.[5]

Dugin’s Eurasian Union will need a defining ideology, and for this purpose Dugin has developed a new “Fourth Political Theory” combining all the strongest points of Communism, Nazism, Ecologism, and Traditionalism. Dugin’s theory purports to go beyond the Strasserist Third Position, including “first position” (Nazism and Fascism), social justice from the “second position” (European Social Movement), and “traditional identity” from the Third Position. What Russia needs, says Dugin, is a “genuine, true, radically revolutionary and consistent, fascist fascism.” On the other hand, “Liberalism, is an absolute evil… Only a global crusade against the U.S., the West, globalization, and their political-ideological expression, liberalism, is capable of becoming an adequate response… The American empire should be destroyed.”[6]

Since Putin said the collapse of the Soviet empire “was the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the century” the idea of restoring a Russian imperium has taken hold as a cornerstone for Russian foreign policy.[7] In October 2011, Izvestia published an article by Putin on the “new integration project,” setting forth Alexander Dugin’s vision for the new “Eurasian Union,” advancing the cause of closer integration among former Soviet states, based on “common values, economic and political cooperation.”[8] As explained by James Heiser in Breitbart:

Eurasianism leaves intact many of the territorial goals of the old Soviet Union while updating the ideology for a world which has grown cold to Bolshevik boilerplate. Gone is the old Marxist-Leninist claptrap about the ‘class struggle’ in favor of a global conflict rooted in ‘sacred geography’ and an ‘inevitable’ conflict between the continental might of Eurasia and the ‘sea power’ of the United Kingdom and United States.[9]

By the beginning of the 1990’s, as the Soviet Union was approaching its collapse, Dugin had begun to assume a more high-profile political role. Dugin has close ties with the Kremlin and the Russian military, having “served as an advisor to State Duma speaker Gennadiy Seleznyov and key member of the ruling United Russia party Sergei Naryshkin.[10] Naryshkin is a Russian official, politician and businessman who has been Chairman of the State Duma (2011-2016). Previously, he was head of the Administration of the President of Russia from May 2008 to December 2011. In September 2016 Naryshkin was appointed as chief of Russia’s Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR). According to Matthew d’Ancona writing in The Guardian:

The extent of Dugin’s personal access to the Kremlin remains opaque: it has certainly waxed and waned over the decades. What is beyond dispute, however, is the influence his geopolitical vision has enjoyed in the general staff academy and the Russian ministry of defence. Putin’s intervention in Georgia in 2008, his invasion of Ukraine in 2014, and his tightening grip on Syria are all entirely consistent with Dugin’s strategy for Mother Russia.[11]

Dugin’s apocalyptic vision is being orchestrated by the Russian state as part of his plan to rebuild a revived Eastern Bloc, by proposing an alliance between Muslims and the peoples of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, known as the Eurasian Union. According to Dugin:

We must create strategic alliances to overthrow the present order of things, of which the core could be described as human rights, anti-hierarchy, and political correctness—everything that is the face of the Beast, the anti-Christ.[12]

As defined in Foundations of Geopolitics, Dugin sees the need for an alliance between Turkey, Russia, Iran and the Central Asian republics—reviving the aspirations of pan-Turkism—against the Western hemisphere:

The new Eurasian empire will be constructed on the fundamental principle of the common enemy: the rejection of Atlanticism, strategic control of the USA, and the refusal to allow liberal values to dominate us. This common civilisational impulse will be the basis of a political and strategic union.[13]

In pursuit of his geopolitical agenda, Dugin has established an extensive list of contacts that comprise his “Eurasian network,” which consist of right-wing politicians, philosophers and geopoliticians from Romania, Poland, Turkey, Hungary, Argentina, France, Croatia, Slovakia, Serbia, Greece, Lebanon, Italy, Germany, Chile, and Malaysia. Among many others, they include Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, former Prime Minister of Romania Ion Iliescu, the second President of the Czech Republic Václav Klaus who had long-standing ties to the KGB, Prime Minister of Slovakia Robert Fico and his entourage, Vojislav Kostunica, former President of Serbia, and Roman Giertych, head of the party League of Polish Families. In Turkey, Dugin is connected to, among others, former Prime Ministers Suleyman Demirel and General Kilinc Tundzher the former head of Turkey’s General Staff.[14]

Jewish Orientalism

Dugin was also influenced by Yakov Bromberg, a member of the émigré Eurasianist movement of the 1920s and 1930s, who strove to develop a specifically Jewish approach to Eurasianist ideology. As Eurasianism sought to fit non-Russian peoples into their scheme, they included Tatars and Kalmyks, who are of Mongol descent, who existed in the Russian areas prior to the arrival of the Rus. The same could be said of the Jews of Khazaria. According to Bromberg, Khazaria completed the historical cycle in which Judaism was a proselytizing religion, and the Jews attempted to “go beyond their ethno-cultural confines.”[15]

Based on Bromberg, Dugin proposed a distinction between the Atlanticist “Western” Jewishness against a “Jewish Orientalism” or “Jewish Eurasianism.” According to Dugin, it was GRECE member Arthur Koestler who pointed to this duality when he posited his theory of the Khazarian origin of the Jews. On the negative side is the rationalist, Western, capitalist, Jewish bourgeoisie, pitted against the mysticism and messianism of the Kabbalists, the Sabbateans, the Chabad Hasidim, and the “Jewish National-Bolshevism.”[16]

Dugin refers to Gershom Scholem, the renowned scholar of Jewish Kabbalah, as “the greatest traditionalist thinker,” and distinguishes between exoteric Judaism, which he opposes as “materialistic,” and esoteric Judaism, or Kabbalah, which he praises as part of Guenon’s Primordial Tradition.[17] Dugin goes on to explain that the challenge of Kabbalah was that it presented a “manifestationist” or evolutionary view of creation, which was inspired through Neoplatonism, in contrast to the creationist view of history, which is founded in exoteric Jewish monotheism. This challenge, he suggests, was first resolved by Isaac Luria, who offered a creationist interpretation of Kabbalah, by proposing that God created the world by “contracting” himself. But the final solution to the challenge, according to Dugin, was presented by Sabbatai Zevi, who suggested that the manifestationist view of creation was the correct one, and that the thoughtless serpents were responsible for evil.[18]

Dugin believes that many Jews saw in Bolshevism a possibility to merge with a larger population, in order to unite Russian and Jewish messianism under the common aegis of Eurasianism for the destruction of capital and exploitation. “Eurasianist” elements of the Jewish diaspora in Europe, America, and Asia, lent their support to the Soviets, forming the Third International, later the Komintern.

These competing branches, suggests Dugin, also contributed to reciprocal versions of anti-Semitism. For example, Marx’s anti-Semitism expressed in On the Jewish question, represented the Sabbatean and Frankist irrationalism in opposition to rationalist Jewish capital. Conversely, Winston Churchill’s criticism of the “Jewish menace” of the East was emblematic of the right-wing Zionist circles of Great Britain. It is for this reason, explains Dugin, that apologists for the Jews are not able to explain why, under the severe repression of Lenin and Stalin, Jews were not only the victims, but also the persecutors. However, the right-wing Zionist flank collaborated with anti-Semitic circles within the KGB, leading ultimately to the collapse of the Soviet Union. “Jewish orientalism,” explains Dugin, “is not an especially modern, exclusively Soviet phenomenon. It is rooted in the depths of national history. Probably behind it there is some terrible religious or racial secret.”[19] He adds, “there will always be a place for the ‘Jewish orientalism’ in the ranks of the builders of the Great Eurasian Empire, the Last Empire.[20]

Israeli Traditionalists

For all their purported support of white identity and even neo-Nazi sympathies, where Trump’s base of support is consistent, including the alt-right, is in their support of Israel, a stance they share with their Russian counterparts. As explained by Alexander Dugin:

With Israel, Russian state, Putin personally, has nothing against Israel. In our society we have no hostility towards Jews or towards Israel. More than that, we have many Russian Jews that are living there. So, there is a kind of sympathy for Israel and for Jews in Russia in general… We have good relations with Israel. United States have good relations with Israel. But there are two Israels at least. There is geopolitical Atlanticist, sea-power Israel, represented by Israeli oligarchy, Israeli racism and pro-American, pro-Western core of Israeli society. But there is Israeli Traditionalists. They are different.[21]

In 2002, Dugin’s AGRAF publishing house published Evrei i Evraziia (“The Jews and Eurasia”), a collection of writings by Jewish Eurasianist, Yakov Bromberg, and Dugin’s modern Zionist associate, Avigdor Eskin. The volume was part of an effort to strengthen ties between the Eurasianist movement, Chabad and far-right-wing Zionist movements, and approvingly quoted one of Bromberg’s contemporaries (Lev Karsavin, who greeted the Soviet regime) about the “primordial tie between the Jewish people and Russia.”[22]

Avigdor Eskin, a far-right Russian-Israeli activist, considers Alexander Dugin to be his closest ideological partner in Russia.[23] Born in the Soviet Union, Eskin emigrated to Israel where he became involved in right-wing politics. Eskin was reportedly a former KGB or Shin Bet agent.[24] In the US, Eskin lobbied politicians and was credited as the one who turned Senator Jesse Helms, one of the biggest opponents of American policy toward Israel, into a staunch Zionist. Eskin made a deal with Helms that he would support Reagan’s policies in Central America in exchange for Helms’ support for Israel. In return for Helms’ support, Eskin and other Israeli right-wingers supported President Reagan’s foreign policy. They cooperated with the Republican lobby and recruited Jewish support US policy in Panama, El Salvador, Chile and Granada. As a result, it was alleged that Eskin served as a go-between in the deal to send military aid to the Contras in Nicaragua and admitted to playing a part in the Iran-Contra Affair.[25] He was also able to successfully lobby ten US congressmen’s support for Viktor Yanukovych in the Ukraine.[26]

Eskin worked closely with the Jewish Defense League (JDL), founded by Meir Kahane Joseph Churba, who had close ties to John Rees and John Singlaub of the Western Goals Foundation. A number of JDL members have been linked to violent, and sometimes deadly, attacks including the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre in Hebron, West Bank in 1994, which left 29 people dead, several as young as twelve, and 125 wounded. Kahane was assassinated in 1990 by Islamic militant El Sayyid Nosair, who was later convicted of terrorist conspiracy. Nosair was an associate of the Muslim Brotherhood-connected Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman, who was also secretly in the employ of the CIA.[27] Nosair was later convicted of the murder in a United States district court trial for his involvement, along with Sheikh Omar, in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.

Eskin became one of Kahane’s leading spokesmen and associates, and a member of the banned Kach Party, founded by Kahane in the early 1970s, and following his Jewish-Orthodox-nationalist ideology. After several electoral failures, Kach entered the Knesset following the 1984 elections. However, it was barred from participating in the next 1988 election for inciting racism. After Kahane’s assassination in 1990, the party split, with Kahane Chai breaking away from the main Kach faction.

Along with his Kach associate Yosef Dayan, Eskin participated in a Kabbalistic ritual called pulsa dinura which invoked a “death curse” against Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin in 1995, in response to the Oslo Accords. Thirty-two days later, Rabin was assassinated by Yigal Amir. Eskin still praises Amir, and has become one of the people closest to him, his wife, and their families.[28] In 1997, Eskin was arrested and sentenced to four months in prison for incitement. On his release, he made two attempts to incite Palestinian hatred to sabotage the Oslo Accords. He threw a pig’s head with the Quran stuffed in its mouth, into the complex housing the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque during Ramadan.[29] He also planned on placing a pig’s head on the tomb of Izzadin Qassam—the Palestinian guerilla fighter who fought the Zionists in the 1930s—and he set fire to the offices of the leftist Dor Shalom organization, the Jerusalem Post revealed during their trial for incitement.

Eskin is a frequent guest on Russia Today. “The Russians consider him a very interesting figure. He has good ties in the Kremlin and is considered a distinguished representative of Israeli society,” Dugin told Ha’aretz.[30] The main benefit of Dugin’s acquaintance with Eskin was his introduction to Mikhail Gagloev, a wealthy South Ossetian banker who came to sponsor Dugin’s various political activities for much of the coming decade.[31] Gagloev was both CEO of the Kremlin-linked Tempbank and vice-chairman of Dugin’s International Eurasianist Movement (MED). Gagloev’s business associates include Ukrainian ex-mobster, Evgeny Giner, and the deputy speaker of Russia’s parliament, Alexander Babakov. In 2012, Putin appointed Babakov special representative for relations with Russian organisations abroad. In 2016, Babakov met with two officers from Marine Le Pen’s Front National to arrange a loan with a Latvian bank known for its links to the Kremlin.[32]

Eskin is an associate of West Bank-based Hasidic Rabbi Avram Shmulevich, and both are members of Dugin’s Eurasia Movement. Eskin and Shmulevich’s participation in the Eurasia Movement was based on its anti-American elements, which fit well with many settlers’ view of the Israeli government as betraying Zionism, under American pressure.[33] Shmulevich, describes himself as “Hyperzionist,” regarding the earlier Zionism that led to the creation of the State of Israel as obsolete. Israel, according to Shmulevich, has a global mission to lead the way into the twenty-first century, molding it as Jews such as Marx, Einstein and Freud molded the twentieth century. Israel must not only defeat proposals for a Palestinian state and the threat of Islam, but expand her control over what has been referred to as “Greater Israel,” to the entire Middle East, from the Nile to the Euphrates. This control need not be military, but can employ the nefarious techniques suggested in the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion. Secondly, Israel must “reinstate the most primal layer of Tradition [that of Adam, the first Hyperzionist], but any such reinstatement would be also based on fusion with the most modern tendencies found in a post-industrial society.”[34]

Shmulevich was elected to the leadership of the Eurasian Movement at its constituent congress in Moscow on 21 April 2001, along with the Supreme Mufti of the Central Ecclesiastical Board of Muslims of Russia and European CIS Countries, Sheikh-ul-Islam Talgat Tajuddin, and secretary of the Department of External Church Relations of the Moscow patriarchate, Fr. Vsevolod Chaplin. According to Dugin, “‘Eurasia’ is diverse, including Russians, Tatars, youth, and military personnel,” and finally, “‘Eurasia’ comes first and everything else follows.”[35] At a press conference held on the eve of the congress, Farid Salman, representative of Mufti Talgat Tajuddin, stressed: “The ‘Eurasia’ movement is our answer to adherents of satanic wahhabism which has put down roots throughout the country and even in Moscow.” In his opinion, “participation of Muslims in the movement is a sacred duty of patriotism and response to adherents of wahhabism, which discredits Islam.”[36]

At the same press conference, Shmulevich reported that the participation of the Jewish population of Russia in the Eurasia movement is substantiated by the strengthening of relations between Russia and Israel and Eurasianism’s active support in Israel. In Shmulevich’s opinion, “eurasianism gives the possibility of preserving for all peoples, including Jews, their identity.” In Shmulevich’s opinion, “western democratic ideology that levels out national distinctives is unacceptable,” and therefore Eurasianism is the most rational alternative. “It gives the possibility of existing without denying one’s own principles,” the rabbi noted. “Now the experience of the ancient Mongol empire and the Khazar kaganate should be recalled.”[37]

On January 9, 2011, on the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of Guénon’s death, the Tikkoun Olam Center, led by Rav Leo Guez from Nice, convened a conference whose main speakers were Dugin, Bouchet, Eskin and the renowned Jerusalem Kabbalist, Rav Mordekhai Chriqui. The goal of the meeting was to bring together Jews and Christians who aim at countering modernity.”[38] When in early 2014 Eskin, “made a presentation on one of the leading Russian TV channels praising both Jews and Russians as the true spiritual and messianic people – the audience responded with a standing ovation,” noted the Jerusalem Post at the time.[39]

Muslim Traditionalists

The Eurasian Movement includes Mufti Talgat Tadzhuddin, the “shaykh al-Islam” of European Russia and Siberia, an office first established by Catherine the Great in 1789, and then reestablished in 1942. Some of Tadzhuddin’s views are close to Traditionalism. He suggested in 1992, for example, that the Turk’s pre-Islamic worship of Tengri should be regarded as an early form of monotheism, and he was instrumental in the 1998 construction of a mosque adorned with stained-glass windows bearing the image of the cross and of the Star of David. Other reasons for Tadzhuddin’s association with the Eurasian movement include the characterization of Salafism—what he calls “Satanic Wahhabism”—as modernist which Dugin shares with most other Traditionalists, and Dugin’s anti-Americanism. Tadzhuddin announced after the American invasion of Iraq in 2003, that resistance to the Americans constituted “jihad” and was thus a religious duty. This resulted in condemnation from the Kremlin, which for a while boycotted him.[40]

Dugin’s call for an alliance with Islam is reflected in his associate Gaydar Jamal, who initiated Dugin into the Yuzhinsky Circle, who exemplified the relationship between Traditionalism and Islamic extremism. Jamal’s commitment to an esoteric substantiation of Islam was considerably inspired by his embrace of the works of Guénon, Schuon, and Burckhardt. Around 1979-1980, Jamal joined the Naqshbandi Sufi order and became actively involved in the underground Islamic Movement of Tajikistan, where he would take Golovin, Dugin, and other Yuzhinsky adepts to the Pamir mountains on meditative trips and to visit the graves of Sufi saints.[41]

Jamal was the founder of the Party of the Islamic Renaissance (PIR) in 1990. In 1992, Jamal led a splinter group towards alliances with Islamist extremists in the Middle East and with the domestic opposition to Yeltsin, in the form of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF). Jamal’s relations with the Middle East included Hasan al Turabi, leader of the Sudanese Islamic Front. In 1991, after he left Saudi Arabia for his opposition to Ibn Baz’s Gulf War Fatwa, bin Laden first went to Pakistan and back to Afghanistan, before finally settling in Sudan, where General Omar Hassan al-Bashir had taken power in a military coup in 1989.

Just a few months later, at a Muslim Brotherhood meeting in London, it was decided that Sudan would be a new base for the Islamist movement, and a Muslim Brotherhood leadership council of nineteen members was subsequently established in Khartoum under Turabi, who would emerge as the real power in the Sudanese regime.[42] According to bin Laden biographer Roland Jacquard, Turabi visited London in 1992 and was a guest at the Round Table’s Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA).[43] In addition, Turabi seems to have Masonic connections. When their relationship had broken down, and after Turabi had foiled an attempted coup by him and his party, Bashir denounced Turabi as being sponsored by “Zionists and freemasons.”[44]

Jamal’s PIR was replaced by the Islamic Committee of Russia (ICR), which became part of a network of radical Islamic movements under Turabi’s leadership, which included Hamas in Palestine and Hezbollah in Lebanon.[45] According to Jamal’s own admission, in 1999 the ICR formed a united front with the Movement in Support of the Army, Defense Industry and Military Science, an independent opposition group aligned with the CPRF and run by the chairman of the Duma State Security Committee.

Later in life Jamal would ultimately reject Traditionalism and develop his own ideology termed “Islamic radicalism.”[46] Jamal’s first major open critique of Traditionalism and major step in the direction of his envisioning of an eschatological, cosmic mission for Muslims, a talk delivered in 1994, was characteristically titled “Aryan Islam.”[47] Jamal is currently Chairman of the Islamic Committee of Russia; co-chair and member of the presidium of the All-Russian public movement “Russian Islamic Heritage”; Permanent Member of the Organization of Islamic-Arabian People’s Conference (OIANK); one of the initiators of the creation and member of the coordination council of the Left Front of Russia; Deputy of the National Assembly of the Russian Federation. He took part in the March of Dissent from 2005 to 2008 whose main participants included Garry Kasparov, Eduard Limonov, Mikhail Kasyanov.

Murabitun

Dugin was also close with Jean-François Thiriart’s protégé, and fellow GRECE member Claudio Mutti, who in 2004 founded Eurasia, an Italian quarterly journal of geopolitics. Mutti was also appointed Emir in the notorious Murabitun Movement, founded by a Scottish convert to Islam named Ian Dallas, a.k.a. Sheikh Abdalqadir al-Murabit.[48] Dallas was also a member of the Darqawi branch of the Shadhili Sufi order, also descended from Ahmad Al-Alawi, Guénon’s friend who initiated Fritjof Schuon into the order. Dallas celebrates Hitler as a “great genius and great vision,” praises Wagner as the “most spiritual of men among men in an age of darkness,” and regards the black stone of the Kabbah in Mecca as the Holy Grail. He referred to Carl Schmitt as “the greatest legalist of the last century,” and to Heidegger as “the last century’s greatest philosopher.”[49] According to Dallas, “And Heidegger—not Ibn Abdul-Wahhab!—was the one to say ‘Allah’ after Nietzsche had said ‘le ileha’ [no god]. One billion muslims are enslaved because they think that the idea that they have of God is God!”[50]

Dallas claimed Ernst Jünger told him that the new “Nomos” to emerge from the “ruins of the old order,” predicted by Carl Schmitt, may be Islam.[51] In 1990, Dallas held a symposium in honor of Jünger which ended with a Masonic ceremonial. Also in attendance was Albert Hofmann, the scientist who discovered LSD.[52] Hofmann had told Timothy Leary about his informal “wisdom school” centered around psychedelic sessions with leading European intellectuals, which included Jünger.[53] In his memoir LSD, My Problem Child, Hofmann describes taking LSD several times with Jünger, who had had also experimented with drugs such as ether, cocaine, and hashish. As reported by Othman Abu-Sahnun, a former member of the Murabitun, in 1989, Dallas organised a symposium in honour of Ernst Jünger, at the Municipal Library of Bilbao, in Spain. On the inside flap of the symposium program cover, Jünger is clearly presented as a Freemason initiated in 1984 to the French Order by ex-president Mitterand. The session ended with a Masonic ritual in praise of Jünger as Doctor Honoris Causa.[54]

Dallas also played a pivotal role in the life of Mark Hanson, another convert to Islam who changed his name to Hamza Yusuf, who achieved a great deal of popularity in the Muslim community as a speaker.[55] Hamza has been listed in the top 50 of The 500 Most Influential Muslims, an annual publication compiled by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre in Amman, Jordan. The Guardian referred to Yusuf as “arguably the West’s most influential Islamic scholar,”[56] and The New Yorker called him “perhaps the most influential Islamic scholar in the Western world.”[57] In 1984, Yusuf formally disassociated himself from Dalla’s teachings.

Another influence on Yusuf was Martin Lings (1909 –2005), a student of Frithjof Schuon, founder of the Maryamiyyah, currently under the leadership of Dugin’s friend Seyyed Hossein Nasr. [58] Yusuf and Lings, an expert on Shakespeare, and produced Shakespeare and Islam, a DVD set described as including “three profound talks which take the audience on an enlightening journey to reveal the power of poetry, the literary brilliance of William Shakespeare and the dire need for great art and literature to help preserve and nurture the virtues of courage, wisdom and temperance.”[59] Yusuf is co-founder with Zaid Shakir (born Ricky Daryl Mitchell) of Zaytuna College, which has featured sessions by Alan Godlas, another member of Schuon’s Maryamiyyah.[60]

Naqshbandi Way

Nasr wrote the foreword to The Naqshbandi Sufi Way: History and Guidebook of the Saints of the Golden Chain (1995), by Sheikh Hisham Kabbani, Chairman of the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order of America, who reported that Gurdjieff had been initiated into the mystery of the Nine Points Sheikh by Abdullah Faizi ad Daghestani (1891 – 1973), Shaykh of the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi order, in Damascus.[61] According to Kabbani, ad Daghestani initiated Gurdjieff and allowed him through a dream to “ascend to the knowledge of the power of the nine points,” which became the basis of his Enneagram, an occult glyph resembling Rosicrucian geometrical constructs or the Kabbalistic Tree of life, and which was popularized by Idries Shah.[62] Kabbani is the son-in-law and deputy of Sheikh Nazim al Haqqani, leader of the Naqshbandi-Haqqani Order, who had also been a student of ad Daghestani. Al Haqqani traces his lineage back to the Abdul Qadir Gilani and Jalaluddin Rumi. His maternal and paternal grandfathers were sheikhs in the Qadiriya and Mevlevi orders, respectively. Following the death of ad Daghestani in 1973, Sheikh Nazim was made his spiritual successor and went to Britain, where he made contact with circle of Shah’s disciple J.G. Bennett, from whom he developed his first group of followers.[63]

According to Sheikh Nazim, “One is not entitled to refute or object to any of the matters of his sheikh even if he contradicts the pure rules of Islam.”[64] Most common among Sufi orders and mystics throughout the centuries has been the claim of achieving a degree of “sainthood” which allows them to ignore the laws of Islam. In a strange video posted to YouTube, a doting Sheikh Nazim claims that someone appeared to him from Mars, Saturn or Jupiter, and told him that it is permitted for him to use foul swear words as many as 40 times in day, since he is from “Utaqa” (high sainthood), and therefore, no longer accountable for sins. The “pen” has stopped writing anything about him, meaning that the angels are no longer recording his actions, so he’s completely free to do what he likes.[65]

In 1991, Nazim made the first of four nationwide tours of the US, in a number of venues, including churches, temples, universities, mosques and New Age centers. Reportedly, during these speeches and Dhikr gatherings thousands of individuals entered the fold of Islam through his efforts. Nazim’s liberalism was exemplified in his visit in 1999 to Glastonbury in England, where Joseph of Arimathea was to have concealed the Holy Grail, and which is now a center of alternative spirituality. Haqqani called on the people to aim for eternity without regard of their religion, and acknowledged the local legend that Jesus had visited the site. A Haqqani community subsequently established itself in the town, engaging in Dhikr meetings, which include musical performances, Whirling Dervishes and “Sufi meditation” workshops. Haqqani believes in the coming of the Mahdi is immanent, and gives his followers the impression that he is in spiritual contact with him.[66]

Sheikh Nazim consistently refers to the Mahdi—an eschatological Messianic figure who, according to Islamic belief, will appear at the end of times—which he has detailed his biography. The Mahdi was supposedly born in approximately 1945 in Wadi Fatima, Saudi Arabia, to a mother and father from the line of Hassan and Hussein, the grandsons of the Prophet Mohammed. At an early age, he began to display miraculous capabilities, and was taken behind Mount Qaf, where he lived with some Sufi saints, protected by Jinn. Mount Qaf is a legendary mountain in the popular mythology of the Middle East. In Islamic tradition, Mount Qaf is said to be the homeland of the jinn and was created by God out of shining emerald.[67] According to Sheikh Nazim, the Mahdi’s first appearance to the world took place in 1960, when he appeared on Mt. Arafat in Mecca. This was a private appearance for the Sufi saints, where 124,000 swore allegiance to him, including both Sheikh Nazim and Sheikh ad Daghestani.[68]

Ergenekon

Eurasianism is also aligned with recent American designs in Central Asia, through the assistance of the Gülen network and his links to Counter-Guerrilla, the Turkish branch of Operation Gladio.[69] Dugin is a suspected leader of a development of Counter-Guerrilla, Ergenekon—an alleged clandestine, Kemalist ultra-nationalist organization in Turkey, with ties to members of the country’s military and security forces—employed in the CIA’s revived strategies in Central Asia.[70] Dugin’s ideas, particularly those on “a Turkic-Slavic alliance in the Eurasian sphere” have recently become popular among certain nationalistic circles in Turkey, most notably among alleged members of Ergenekon. The most prominent figure is Dogu Perinçek, the leader of the Workers Party, and an associate of Dugin, who in 2008 was arrested on suspicion of being a member of Ergenekon. Perinçek combines Kemalism with Marxism but is also a neo-Eurasianist, meaning that he strives towards an alliance between Turkey, Russia, Iran and the Central Asian republics against the Western hemisphere.[71]

“Ergenekon” is a name deriving from a supposed Turkish legend describing it as a mythical place located in Eurasia, in the inaccessible valleys of the Altai Mountains. However, according to several Turkish scholars, the legend is a hoax with no basis in Ottoman or prior history.[72] According to a Turkish government investigation into its activities, the Ergenekon myth employed as a model for itself the synarchist idea of the mythical underground realm of Agartha, which so fascinated the Theosophists, Guénon, Evola and the Nazis.[73] As reported by Wayne Madsen’s article, “The Dönmeh: The Middle East’s Most Whispered Secret,” for the Strategic Culture Foundation, the description of the Ergenekon organization “matches up completely with the Dönmeh presence in Turkey’s diplomatic, military, judicial, religious, political, academic, business, and journalist hierarchy.”[74]

Fethullah Gülen is the founder of the Gülen movement, a transnational Islamic civic society movement inspired by Gülen’s teachings. His teachings about hizmet (altruistic service to the “common good”) have attracted a large number of supporters in Turkey, Central Asia, and increasingly in other parts of the world as well. The movement is active in education, with private schools and universities in over 180 countries, as well as many American charter schools operated by its followers. The movement is estimated to be worth between $20 billion to $50 billion.[63] Gülen was an ally of Turkish President Erdogan before 2013, but the alliance was destroyed after an alleged corruption scandal broke in Turkey in that same year. Erdogan accused Gülen of being behind the corruption investigations. Gülen currently lives in self-imposed exile in the United States, residing in Saylorsburg, Pennsylvania.

Evidence of Gülen’s collusion with the CIA was found among the documents that the attorneys for the State Department presented in favor of rejecting Gülen’s application for a permanent visa. There are claims about the Gülen movement’s financial structure—it being emphasized that its economic power reached $25 billion. The lawyers state: “Because of the large amount of money that Gülen’s movement uses to finance his projects, there are claims that he has secret agreements with Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Turkic governments. There are suspicions that the CIA is a co-payer in financing these projects.”[76] Most incriminating is the list of references that Gülen provided in an apparent effort to bolster his visa application, namely those of George Fidas, Graham Fuller, and Morton Abramowitz. Graham Fuller happens to be listed as one of the American Deep State rogues as noted by whistleblower Sibel Edmonds. Edmonds conceived of a clever legal way to sidestep the gag order placed on her by the Bush Administration, where she didn’t name the people she held incriminating information against, but instead provided unnamed photos of them on her website, in a list she referred to as “State Secrets Privilege Gallery.”[77]

Graham E. Fuller is an American author and political analyst, specializing in “Islamic extremism.” Formerly vice-chair of the National Intelligence Council, he also served as Station Chief in Kabul for the CIA. A “think piece” that he wrote for the CIA was identified as instrumental in leading to the Iran-Contra Affair.[78] George Fidas worked thirty-one years for the CIA, while Morton Abramowitz was also deeply involved with Afghan Mujahideen and Kosovo rebels. As ambassador to Turkey, Abramowitz was succeeded by Marc Grossman, another neoconservative with dual citizenship with Israel, after working under him in Ankara for a number of years. During that period, the US opened an espionage investigation into activities at the embassy involving Major Douglas Dickerson, a weapons procurement specialist for Central Asia. Dickerson and his wife, an FBI translator, later became famous when they tried to recruit Sibel Edmonds to spy for this criminal network. Grossman is currently receiving $1.2 million per annum from Ihlas Holding, a Gülen-linked Turkish conglomerate.[79]

The Pan-Turkism ideals espoused by Gülen, as an ostensible project of creating a pan-Islamic Caliphate to be ruled from Turkey, is merely part of America’s post-Cold War strategy to control Central Asia with the aim of containing Russia and China. The invasion of Afghanistan is an important part of this strategy and an extension of the plans already outlined by Brzezinski. Coordination with the Gülen movement is tied to recent plans to confront China through the support of an independence movement of the Uighurs, a Turkic and predominantly Muslim minority of Xinjiang, in northwestern China. The CIA plotting came to a head in July 2009, with a series of violent clashes that erupted between Uighurs and the Chinese state police and Han Chinese residents in Xinjiang. As was also stated in 2004, with regards to the separatist moves over Xinjiang, according to TurkPulse: “One of the main tools Washington is using in this affair in order to get Turkey involved in the Xinjiang affair is some Turkish Americans, primarily the Fethullah Gülen.”[80]

Mahdi

Dugin has also aligned himself with a popular exponent of End Times prophecies, a self-professed expert in “Islamic eschatology.” His name is Imran Hosein, who has gained a wide following in the Islamic world for his interpretations of Islamic traditions about the Akhiru Zaman (“Last Days”). Hosein’s many interpretations concern the Muslim Mahdi. From the perspective of Islamic eschatology, there are three main actors of the End of History. The most important of them is the return of Jesus. Another figure is the False Messiah, called Masih ad-Dajjal. And the third important figure is the Imam al-Mahdi. All three will be simultaneously present in Damascus. After the appearance of Imam al-Mahdi, Dajjal will come to attack him, but the Messiah will return to defeat him. In a lecture he gave at Moscow State University, at the invitation of Dugin, Imran Hosein went so far as to interpret Russia as the new “Rome,” therefore encouraging Muslims to lend their support to Russia’s imperial ambitions as a moral obligation, in order to combat the forces of Dajjal in America and Britain.[81]

However, as explained by the Encyclopedia Britannica, the Quran does not mention the Mahdi, “and almost no reliable ḥadith (sayings attributed to the Prophet Muhammad) concerning the mahdi can be adduced. Many orthodox Sunni theologians accordingly question Mahdist beliefs, but such beliefs form a necessary part of Shii doctrine.”[82] In a chapter of his Muqaddimah, the famous Muslim historian Ibn Khaldun studied the relevant ḥadith at length and concluded that they were all baseless. The Mahdi is often associated with the Sufi figure of Khidr, which originated most likely from Jewish legends, in the same way that the prophet Elijah is associated with the Jewish Messiah.[83] Within the ecumenical millenarianism of the New Age, the Mahdi is variously equated with the “Christ,” regarded as a reincarnation of the Comte de St. Germain, is known as Lord Maitreya, and said to be awaited also by Jews, Muslims, Buddhists and Hindus, though he is known by these believers respectively as the Messiah, the fifth Buddha, or Krishna.

Speaking of his association with Dugin and Alain Soral in France, a Franco-Swiss right-wing activist, Hosein explained:

I can only hope and pray that our areas of agreement with each other - Mr Soral in France, Prof Alexander Dugin in Moscow, and others elsewhere who are already showing great interest in our Islamic eschatology - may benefit our common cause of struggling to liberate the oppressed of the earth from an oppression the likes of which have never been experienced by mankind ever since the time of Pharaoh.[84]

Soral, who is also associated with Christian Bouchet, used to belong to the Central Committee of the National Front, before leaving it due to ideological differences. In 2007, he founded the group Equality and Reconciliation, whose strategy is summarized in the title of an article written by the founder of the organization: “Left for the workers and Right for morals.” They advocate the union of the “Labour left” and the “Moral Right” in response to globalization, on the model of the Proudhon Circle, which brought together trade unionists, anarchists, and Maurrassians, whose political doctrine derived from Charles Maurras, most closely associated with the Action Française. Equality and Reconciliation is associated with Christian Bouchet, supports the FN and its president Marine Le Pen, and also expressed their approval of non-aligned countries, such as the Russia of Vladimir Putin.[85]

Equality and Reconciliation has developed a pro-Russian bent. Soral has been very successful in raising his profile through online videos. In these videos, Soral depicts Russia as a champion of Eurasia, which is under attack by “American Zionists.” In a broadcast on January 11, 2015, Soral asserted that the Ukrainian crisis had been orchestrated by the CIA, as had the student protests in France in 1968. In 2011, he maintained that only Russia had prevented the attack on Iran and Syria. In a conference a year later before members of the Action française, he suggested that France’s sovereignty could exist only in a multipolar world, which could only be brought about by Putin. In 2012, Soral was invited to Russia by Civic Contro, an official NGO, to participate in observing the presidential elections, at which time he was also interviewed by Russia Today.[86]

Dugin’s “Israeli Traditionalist” friend Avigdor Eskin has also collaborated with Adnan Oktar, a Turkish Muslim author who goes by the pen name Harun Yahya, who hints that he might be the Mahdi, and who has been published in Dugin’s Katehon. Despite his former anti-Semitism, Oktar has been embraced by Israeli figures. Oktar has gained some notoriety in the international media, for leading a “feminist” cult or “Muslim sex cult.” He maintains a bevy of heavily made-up women in revealing attire he calls “kittens,” who appear on his shows with blank expressions, and who dance robotically between breaks. The cult is accused of maintaining ties with Fethulla Gülen. There were also lawsuits filed against them that included testimonies to the effect that cult members lured young women into taking part in filmed orgies, which recordings were then used to blackmail the participants into obeying Oktar’s demands. Former members of Oktar’s cult explained to Israel’s Haaretz newspaper their reasons for exposing their former leader, “We only wanted to tell you what’s going on inside, because unfortunately your government and people in your government are helping him, both financially and otherwise. And as they keep receiving this aid, they keep reaching out to new young people and destroying new families.”[87]

Nevertheless, Oktar’s pseudo-Muslim teachings involve claims that every Muslim must pray for the coming of Jesus, the Mahdi and the Messiah in order to confront conspiracy of a “deep state” operated by Britain. Speaking of al Aqsa mosque, Oktar said: “Christians, Jews, Muslims – everyone can worship there.” He told Haaretz, in a message to Israel’s Temple Mount Faithful movement, “The land there is sufficient for this,” he said: “We will build the prayer house of Prophet Solomon there, and in this century, inshallah [God willing].”[88] Eskin appeared on Oktar’s TV show to say, “I just wanted to say we also came here to bring you our deepest gratitude for what we have done for restoring the relations between Israel and Turkey… and no doubt that by doing it you put your stone into the coming into existence—a third Temple of Jerusalem for the whole mankind.”[89] Oktar tweeted about Dugin, “Dugin, foreign policy advisor to Putin, is a person who supports Islamic Union. Being part of the Islamic Union is the right thing for Russia.”[90]

[1] “Arctogaia Manifesto” (2001) [http://arctogaia.com/public/eng/]

[2] Andrew Wilson. Virtual Politics: Faking Democracy in the Post-Soviet World (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005); Excerpt from: Jardar Østbø. The New Third Rome: Readings of a Russian Nationalist Myth. (Columbia University Press, May 3, 2016).

[3] Wahid Azal. “Dugin’s Occult Fascism and the Hijacking of Left Anti-Imperialism and Muslim Anti-Salafism.” Counter Punch (February 10, 2016).

[4] Robert Zubrin. “Dugin’s Evil Theology - His Eurasianism is a satanic cult.” National Review (June 18, 2014).

[5] Heiser. “The American Empire Should Be Destroyed.”

[6] Zubrin “Dugin’s Evil Theology - His Eurasianism is a satanic cult.”

[7] Oleg Shynkarenko. “Alexander Dugin: The Crazy Ideologue of the New Russian Empire.” The Daily Beast (February 4, 2014).

[8] Orysia Lutsevych. “Agents of the Russian World Proxy Groups in the Contested Neighbourhood.” Russia and Eurasia Programme (Chatham House, April 2016).

[9] James Heiser. “Putin’s Rasputin: The Mad Mystic Who Inspired Russia’s Leader.” Breitbart (June 10, 2014).

[10] Shaun Walker. “Ukraine and Crimea: what is Putin thinking?” The Guardian (March 23, 2014).

[11] Matthew d’Ancona. “Putin and Trump could be on the same side in this troubling new world order.” The Guardian (December 19, 2016).

[12] Matthew d’Ancona. “Putin and Trump could be on the same side in this troubling new world order.” The Guardian (December 19, 2016).

[13] “Eurasia Party,” Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia_Party

[14] “Tools of the Kremlin: an exclusive list of agents of Russian influence in European countries.” Teksty.org.ua (December 3, 2014).

[15] Yakov Bromberg. Evrei i Evraziia. (Moscow: AGRAF, 2002), p. 245

[16] Alexander Dugin. “Evrei i Evraziia.” (“The Jews and Eurasia”) Polyarniy Israil (Polar Israel), (February 2000).

[17] Jean-Yves Camus, “A Long-Lasting Friendship: Alexander Dugin and the French Radical Right,” in Eurasianism and the European Far Right: Reshaping the Europe-Russia Relationship, ed. Marlene Laruelle, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015, p. 89).

[18] Alexander Dugin. “Exoteric and Esoteric Judaism: Isaac Luria and Sabbatai Zevi in Russian Orthodoxy.” Keeper.net (October 20, 1999). Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20150306222701/https://www.kheper.net/topics/Kabbalah/Exoteric_vs_Mystical.html

[19] Iakov Bromberg. Evrei i Evraziia.

[20] Ibid.

[21] Interview with Morris108. YouTube (March 5, 2016).

[22] Sean Jobst. “Duginist publication calls Russians and Jews ‘chosen peoples’.” Alt-Right.com (November 2, 2017).

[23] Sean Jobst. “Avigdor Eskin: Right-Wing Zionist Fanatic Behind Duginism.” Alt Right (November 7, 2017).

[24] Shay Fogelman. “We Won.” Haaretz (November 5, 2010).

[25] Ibid.

[26] Ibid.

[27] Robert Freidman. “The CIA and the Sheikh,” The Village Voice (March 30, 1993)

[28] Fogelman. “We Won.”

[29] Sedgwick. Against the Modern World, p. 239.

[30] Fogelman. “We Won.”

[31] Clover. Black Wind, White Snow.

[32] Sanita Jemberga. “Latvian financier said to act as a go-between to get Russian loan for Le Pen.” Re:Baltica (May 2, 2017).

[33] Sedgwick. Against the Modern World, p. 239.

[34] Mark Sedgwick. “Traditionalism in Israel.” Traditionalists (April 12, 2007). Retrieved from https://traditionalistblog.blogspot.com/2007/04/traditionalism-in-israel.html

[35] Nikolai Zimin. “New Political Movement Receives Support of Traditional Confessions.” Sobornost (April 22, 2001).

[36] Ibid.

[37] Leonid Savchenko. “‘Eurasia’ for Putin. Number of Centrists Has Grown.” SMI.ru, (April 21, 2001).

[38] Jean-Yves Camus. “A Long-Lasting Friendship.” Eurasianism and the European Far Right: Reshaping the Europe–Russia Relationship, edited by Marlene Laruelle (Lexington Books, 2015), p. 89.

[39] “The Crisis in Ukraine and ‘The Jewish Question’.” Jerusalem Post (May 6, 2014).

[40] Mark Sedgwick. “Occult Dissident Culture: The Case of Aleksandr Dugin”, in Birgit Menzel, Michael Hagemeister and Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, ed. The New Age of Russia: Occult and Esoteric Dimensions (Studies on Language and Culture in Central and Eastern Europe, Volume 17) p. 290-291..

[41] Sedgwick. Against the Modern World, p. 223.

[42] Labeviere. Dollars for Terror, p. 103.

[43] Roland Jacquard. In the Name of Osama Bin Laden, (Duke University Press Books, 2001) p. 32.

[44] Opheera McDoom. “Darfur governor links Khartoum plot with rebels,” Sudan Tribune (September 24, 2004).

[45] Sedgwick. Against the Modern World, p. 258.

[46] Jafe Arnold. “Mysteries of Eurasia,” p. 43.

[47] Dzhemal. “Ariiskii Islam.” Kontrudar (March 1, 1997). Retrieved from http://www.kontrudar.com/lekcii/ariyskiy-islam

[48] Othman Abu-Sahnun the Italian. “The Murabituns & Free Masonry.” Murabitun Files. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20060906091722/http://murabitun.cyberummah.org/index.htm

[49] Shakyh Dr. Abdalqadir as-Sufi Media. “The Lebanon Crisis II” (July 25, 2006). Retrieved from https://shaykhabdalqadir.com/2006/07/25/the-lebanon-crisis-ii/

[50] Ian Dallas. El Camino Hacia El Manana. Cited in Othman Abu-Sahnun The Italian. “Ian Dalla and Free Masonry.” Murabitun Files. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20060906091949/http://murabitun.cyberummah.org/free-masonry/ernst_junger.htm

[51] Shakyh Dr. Abdalqadir as-Sufi Media. “The Lebanon Crisis II” (July 25, 2006). Retrieved from https://shaykhabdalqadir.com/2006/07/25/the-lebanon-crisis-ii/.

[52] Othman Abu-Sahnun the Italian. “The Murabituns & Free Masonry,” Murabitun Files. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20060906091722/http://murabitun.cyberummah.org/index.htm

[53] Lee & Shlain. Acid Dreams, p. 171.

[54] Cited in Othman Abu-Sahnun The Italian. “Ian Dalla and Free Masonry.”

[55] Zareena Grewal. Islam Is a Foreign Country (New York University Press, 2014), p. 160.

[56] Jack O’Sullivan. “If you hate the west, emigrate to a Muslim country.” The Guardian (October 7, 2001).

[57] Rollo Romig. “Where Islam Meets America.” New Yorker (May 20, 2013).

[58] Martin Lings. A Return to the Spirit (Kentucky: Fons Vitae 2005), pp. 4–5.

[59] “Shakespeare and Islam.” Sandala. Retrieved from https://sandala.org/products/shakespeare-and-islam

[60] Wahid Azal. “Dugin’s Occult Fascism and the Hijacking of Left Anti-Imperialism and Muslim Anti-Salafism.” Counter Punch (February 10, 2016).

[61]  “A New World Sufi Order?” Islamic Party of Britain (Autumn 1993).

[62] Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani. The Naqshbandi Sufi Way: History and Guidebook of the Saints of the Golden Chain (KAZI, 1995).

[63] Umar Ibrahim Vadillo. The Esoteric Deviation in Islam, (Cape Town South Africa: Madinah Press, 2003), p. 447.

[64] Shaykh Samir Kadi. The Irrefutable Proof that Nazim al-Qubrusi Negates Islam, p. 4

[65] SunniPureIslam. “Nazim Haqqani Al Naqshbandi no longer accountable to Allah, the pen is lifted the Sufi says.” YouTube (September 4, 2011). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJWGZAoymzA

[66] Itzchak Weismann. The Naqshbandiyya: Orthodoxy and Activism in a Worldwide Sufi Tradition (London: Routledge, 2007) p. 170.

[67] Robert Lebling. Legends of the Fire Spirits: Jinn and Genies from Arabia to Zanzibar (I.B.Tauris), pp. 24–28.

[68] Cited in Rhiannon Conner. “From Amuq to Glastonbury: Situating the apocalypticism of Shaykh Nazim and the Naqshbandi-Haqqaniyya.” PhD thesis submitted to University of Exeter (May 2015).

[69] Fethullah Gülen, Wikipedia. Sources cited: Abrurrahman Dilipak. “Washington’dan Ankara’ya yol gider!” (in Turkish). Vakit. (October 13, 2008); Saygi Ozturk. “Emniyette Fethullahçı liste krizi” (in Turkish). Hürriyet (May 6, 2008); Can Özcelik. “Emin Çölaşan: Emniyet’teki Fetullahçı örgütlenme TSK’ya karşı silahlı güç oluşturmak” (in Turkish) Ulusal Kanal (2008-05-18); (in Turkish) Ergenekon İddianamesi. 2008-12-16. p. 148. Retrieved on 2008-12-16. “Gladyo örgütlenmesi Ordunun içinden çıkarılıyor. Emniyet teşkilatında yayılıyor.”; Çetin, Muhammad (July 17, 2008). “Protectionist Ideology in Turkey and Its Cheap, Polarizing Bloggers Abroad.” Today’s Zaman (Fethullah Gülen’s personal Web site).

[70] Gareth Jenkins. “Ergenekon Indictment Dashes Hopes Of Final Reckoning With Turkey’s ‘Deep State’.” Eurasia Daily Monitor (Jamestown Foundation) 5 (144) (July 29, 2008); Kamil Maman “Ergenekon is a tiny piece of the deeper state, says Mihri Belli.” Today’s Zaman. (November 26, 2008). “Ergenekon must merely be a part of the counter guerrilla that they discarded. The main body is still active.”

[71] Peter Edel. “Alexander Dugin and the teachings of traditionalism,” Today’s Zaman (15 November 2010).

[72] Ahmed Yüksel Özemre. Galatasarayı Mekteb-i Sultânî’sinde sekiz yılım, Kubbealtı, 2006, p. 66 (Turkish); Mümtaz’er Türköne, “Ergenekon Efsanesi kime ait?,” Zaman (February 22, 2009), Retrieved July 20, 2010 (Turkish), Turkish text: “Ergenekon, bir Türk efsanesi olarak Kurtuluş Savaşı sırasında Yakup Kadri tarafından icat edilmiştir.”

[73] “The Ergenekon dictionary.” Hürriyet Daily News (July 27, 2008).

[74] Wayne Madsen. “The Dönmeh: The Middle East’s Most Whispered Secret (Part I).” Strategic Culture Foundation. November 25, 2011.

[75] Claire Berlinski “Who Is Fethullah Gülen?” City Journal (Autumn 2012). Retrieved from http://www.city-journal.org/html/who-fethullah-g%C3%BClen-13504.html

[76] Rumi. “Raza; Ataturk’s Turkish Republic in Danger,” pakteahouse.net (July 12, 2009). Retrieved from http://pakteahouse.net/2009/07/12/ataturks-turkish-republic-in-danger/

[77] Retrieved from http://www.justacitizen.com/images/Gallery%20Draft2%20for%20Web.htm

[78] “Washington Talk: Briefing; C.I.A. Secrets.” New York Times (Monday, February 15, 1988); Bar-Joseph, Uri (1995). Intelligence intervention in the politics of democratic states the United States, Israel and Britain (Penn State Press), pp. 17.

[79] Luke Ryland. “Court Documents Shed Light on CIA Illegal Operations in Central Asia Using Islam & Madrassa,” RINF (July 12, 2008).

[80] “Turkish-American Relations with the Second Bush Team.” Turkpulse.com (November 9, 2004).

[81] “Islamic Alliance With Eastern Orthodox Christianity Russia by Sheikh Imran Hosein.” (April 17, 2018). Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/IslamicAllianceWithEasternOrthodoxChristianityRussiabySheikhImranHosein

[82] “Mahdi.” Encyclopædia Britannica Online (Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web. 15 Oct. 2016). Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/mahdi

[83] Abraham Elqayam. Shorter Encyclopedia of Islam.

[84] “A Message for my students in France” (Sunday, 20 Muharram 1435). Retrieved from http://www.imranhosein.org/news/474-a-message-for-my-students-in-france.html

[85] Abel Mestre et Caroline Monnot. “Duprat, the idol of soraliens; Sidos on CD and other digital news”, blog “Extreme Rightist(s)” of journalists from the daily Le Monde published by the site on 12 February 2010.

[86] Nicola Lebourg. “The French Far Right in Russia’s Orbit.” Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs (May 15, 2018).

[87] Asaf Ronel. “Orgies, Blackmail and anti-Semitism: Inside the Islamic Cult Whose Leader Is Embraced by Israeli Figures.” Ha’aretz (April 03, 2018).

[88] Ibid.

[89] A9TV English. “Mr. Avigdor Eskin’s Conversation with Mr. Adnan Oktar on A9 TV.” YouTube (February 19, 2017).

[90] Harun Yahya (@harun_yahya). Twitter (2:30 PM, August 14, 2016).

Volume Five

1. Team B

2. Secret Team

3. The Reagan Doctrine

4. Reaganomics

5. Second New Right

6. Project Monarch

7. Down Under

8. Sex, Lies and Wiretaps

9. Noosphere

10. Project Stargate

11. New Age

12. Psychic Warriors

13. Disclosure

14. Christofascism

15. The Clash of Civilizations

16. Black Order

17. Sacred Geopolitics

18. Third Secret of Fatima

19. Order of Eurasia