The Illuminati
The Bavarian Illuminati
The “Illuminati” is a name that has been widely abused in popular by wild conspiracy theories, often used as a term to apply to those secret forces at work on the political stage today. The reality though is, that the Illuminati was a real secret society, with very clear societal and political goals, founded in 1776, by Adam Weishaupt. Historians tend to dismiss conspiracy theorists by pointing out that the order was outlawed in Bavaria in 1787. However, the order can be proven to have played a substantial role in the French Revolution, and may have persisted for years in many different forms, particularly among the Philadelphes, and other orders of Martinism and fringe Freemasonry, such as the rites of Memphis and Mizraim.
Membership in the Illuminati then expanded widely. Within a short period of time, the Illuminati had lodges all over Germany and Austria, and branches of the order were also founded in Italy, Hungary, France, and Switzerland. Many influential intellectuals and progressive politicians counted themselves as members, including Ferdinand of Brunswick and the diplomat Franz Xaver von Zach, who was the Order's second-in-command. It attracted literary men such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Johann Gottfried Herder. Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg with his brother and later successor August, Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg governor of Erfurt, Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, his chief assistant in Masonic matters, Johann Friedrich von Schwarz, and Count Metternich of Kblenz were all enrolled. Also playing a leading role was the family of Hesse-Kassel, particularly Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel, who was not only a member of the Strict Observance, but also the Gold and Rosy Cross and he would also go on to become Grand Master of the Asiatic Brethren, a secret society dominated largely by Sabbatean Frankists.
A look at the genealogies of the leading participants shows that they can be traced back to aristocratic families who dominated the history of the occult for centuries, especially through their involvement with Protestantism and Rosicrucianism. A direct line can be traced back to to Philip Landgrave of Hesse (1504 – 1567), who was descended from Elizabeth of Hungary (1207 – 1231), of the Miracle of the Roses. Elizabeth’s father-in-law was Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia (d. 1217), a great patron of the arts, who sponsored the famous Grail author Wolfram von Eschenbach (c. 1160/80 – c. 1220), whose Parzival featured the story of the Knight Swan. The Knight Swan was also the purported ancestor of the House of Oldenburg, who also feature prominently in this lineage, as the royal family of Denmark, who intermarried for centuries with the House of Hesse-Kassel.
HOUSE OF WELF: Wulfhilde of Saxony + Henry the Black (son of Welf I, Duke of Bavaria, first member of the House of Welf, a branch of the House of Este, and Judith of Flanders. See Genealogy of Guillaume of Gellone)
Judith of Bavaria + Frederick II, Duke of Swabia
Frederick Barbarossa (first of Hohenstaufen dynasty) + Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy
Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor + Constance (d. of Roger II of Sicily and Rethel)
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor + Isabella of England (daughter of John of England)
Margaret of Sicily + Albert II, Margrave of Meissen
Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen + Agnes
Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen + Mathilde of Bavaria (see below)
Elisabeth of Meissen + Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg (see below)
Frederick III, Landgrave of Thuringia + Catherine of Henneberg
Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (received the Saxon Electorate from Emperor Sigismund, founder of the Order of the Dragon) + Catherine of Brunswick and Lunenburg (see below)
Wilhelm II, Margrave of Meissen
Agnes of Meissen + Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (see below)
Philip of Swabia + Irene Angelina of Byzantium
Judith of Hohenstaufen + Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia
Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia + Sophia of Wittelsbach
Irmgard of Thuringia + Henry I, Count of Anhalt (see above)
Judith + Lord Nicholas I of Werle
Henry I of Werle + Rikissa Birgersdotter
Rixa of Werle + Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (see below)
Siegfried I, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst + Catherine Birgersdotter of Bjelbo
Albert I, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst + Agnes (d. of Margrave Conrad of Brandenburg-Stendal)
Albert II, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst + Beatrix (see above)
John II, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst + Elisabeth
Sigismund I, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst + Judith
George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau + Sophie
Waldemar VI, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen + Margarete
Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (signed the Augsburg Confession)
Margaret of Anhalt-Köthen + John, Elector of Saxony (see below)
George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau + Anna
Ernest I of Anhalt-Dessau (see Genealogy of the House of Anhalt) + Margarete of Münsterberg-Oels
John V, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst + Margaret of Brandenburg (see below)
Waldemar I, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst + Elisabeth (d. of Rudolf I, Elector of Saxony)
Waldemar II, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (no issue)
Bernhard I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg + Princess Sophie (daughter of King Abel of Denmark)
Bernhard II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg + Helene (daughter of Wizlaw II, Prince of Rügen)
Bernhard III, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg + Agnes (see below)
Bernhard III, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg + Matilda of Brunswick-Göttingen
Otto III, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg
Henry Raspe
Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia + ELIZABETH OF HUNGARY, of the MIRACLE OF THE ROSES (see Genealogy of Agatha of Bulgaria)
Sophie of Thuringia + Henry II, Duke of Brabant (son of Henry I, Duke of Brabant (c. 1165 – 1235) and Matilda of Boulogne, the granddaughter of King Stephen I of England and Matilda of Boulogne, the daughter of Eustace III, the brother of Godrey of Bouillon and Baldwin I of Jerusalem, purported grandsons of the Knight of the Swan. Matilda’s mother was Mary of Scotland, the daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland and Saint Margaret, the daughter of Edward the Exile and Agatha of Bulgaria. Matilda’s brother was David I of Scotland, a supporter of the Templars. See Genealogy of Guillame of Gellone)
Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (the first Landgrave of Hesse) + Adelheid of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Adelheid + Berthold VII, Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen
Elizabeth + John II, Burgrave of Nuremberg
Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg + Elisabeth of Meissen
Elisabeth + Rupert of Germany
Louis III, Elector Palatine (acted as vicar for EMPEROR SIGISMUND, founder of the ORDER OF THE DRAGON)
Frederick I, Elector Palatine
John III, Burgrave of Nuremberg + Margaret of Luxemburg (sister of EMPEROR SIGISMUND)
Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg (first member of the House of Hohenzollern to rule the Margraviate of Brandenburg, ally of EMPEROR SIGISMUND) + Elizabeth (daughter of Frederick, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, and Maddalena Visconti)
John, Margrave “the Alchemist” of Brandenburg-Kulmbach + Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg
Barbara of Brandenburg + Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua
Dorothea of Brandenburg + Christian I of Denmark (first king of the House of Oldenburg. See below)
Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg (House of Hohenzollern. Founder of the ORDER OF THE SWAN) + Catherine of Saxony (see below)
Albert III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg (member of the ORDER OF THE SWAN, spent time at the court of Emperor Sigismund) + Anna of Saxony (daughter of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony + Sophia of Poland (sister of Sigismund I the Old)
John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg + Margaret of Thuringia
Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg + Elizabeth of Denmark (see below)
Anna of Brandenburg + Frederick I of Denmark (see below)
Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (signed AUGSBURG CONFESSION) + Hedwig of Münsterberg-Oels
Anna Maria of Brandenburg-Ansbach + Christoph, Duke of Württemberg
Eleonore of Württemberg + Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt (see below)
Sabina of Brandenburg-Ansbach + John George, Elector of Brandenburg (see below)
ALBERT, DUKE OF PRUSSIA (Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, founder of the Duchy of Prussia) + Dorothea (daughter of Frederick I of Denmark)
ALBERT, DUKE OF PRUSSIA + Anna Maria of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen
Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia + Marie Eleonore of Cleves (daughter of Wilhelm, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg + Archduchess Maria of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand I and Anna Jagellonica. See Genealogy of the Knight of the Swan)
Anna of Prussia + John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg (after Albert Frederick’s death in 1603, the Sigismund III Vasa permitted John Sigismund to succeed him in 1611, thereafter ruling Brandenburg, and Duchy of Prussia in personal union)
George William, Elector of Brandenburg + Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (see below)
Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg + GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, King of Sweden (see below)
Duchess Sophie of Prussia + Wilhelm Kettler
Jacob Kettler + Princess Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg (see below)
Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia + John George I, Elector of Saxony (see below)
Johann of Brandenburg-Ansbach (Order of the Golden Fleece)
Sibylle of Brandenburg + William IV, Duke of Jülich-Berg
Maria of Jülich-Berg + John III, Duke of Cleves
Sibylle of Cleves + JOHN FREDERICK I, ELECTOR OF SAXONY (see below)
Anne of Cleves + Henry VIII of England (no issue)
William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg + Maria of Austria (daughter of Ferdinand I and Anna Jagellonica)
Marie Eleonore of Cleves + Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia
Rudolf I of Germany (first king of Germany from the House of Habsburg) + Gertrude of Hohenberg
Matilda, Duchess of Bavaria + Louis II, Duke of Bavaria
Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor + Beatrice of Silesia
Albert I of Germany + Elizabeth of Carinthia
Frederick the Fair + Isabella of Aragon
Anne of Austria, Duchess of Bavaria (no issue)
Leopold I, Duke of Austria + Catherine of Savoy (see Genealogy of the House of Savoy)
Catherine of Austria + Enguerrand VI, Lord of Coucy
Enguerrand VII de Coucy (possible author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight) + Isabella of England (see below)
Agnes of Austria + Bolko II, Duke of Świdnica
Albert II, Duke of Austria + Joanna of Pfirt
Frederick III, Duke of Austria
Albert III, Duke of Austria + Beatrix of Nuremberg
Albert IV, Duke of Austria + Joanna Sophia of Bavaria
Albert II of Germany + Elizabeth of Luxembourg (daughter of SIGISMUND OF LUXEMBOURG, HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR (founder of the ORDER OF THE DRAGON)
Leopold III, Duke of Austria + Viridis Visconti
Ernest the Iron (ORDER OF THE DRAGON) + Cymburgis of Masovia
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor + Eleanor of Portugal (d. of Edward, King of Portugal, brother of Prince Henry the Navigator, Grand Master of the ORDER OF CHRIST)
Margaret of Austria + Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (see below)
Agnes of Habsburg + Albert II, Duke of Saxony
Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg + Margravine Jutta (Brigitte) of Brandenburg (a daughter of Margrave Otto V of Brandenburg)
Agnes + Bernhard III, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (see above)
Catherine + Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (see above)
Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg + Gerhard VI, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg
Helvig of Schauenburg + Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg (see below)
Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg + Sophie of Pomerania
Catherine of Brunswick and Lunenburg + Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
Matilda, Duchess of Bavaria + Louis II, Duke of Bavaria
Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor + Beatrice of Silesia
Mathilde of Bavaria + Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen (see above)
Elisabeth of Meissen + Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg (great-grandson of Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse, the first Landgrave of Hesse, grandson of Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia and ELIZABETH OF HUNGARY, of the MIRACLE OF THE ROSES)
Elisabeth + Rupert of Germany
Louis III, Elector Palatine (acted as vicar for EMPEROR SIGISMUND, founder of the ORDER OF THE DRAGON)
Frederick I, Elector Palatine
John III, Burgrave of Nuremberg + Margaret of Luxemburg (sister of EMPEROR SIGISMUND)
Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg (first member of the House of Hohenzollern to rule the Margraviate of Brandenburg, ally of EMPEROR SIGISMUND) + Elizabeth (daughter of Frederick, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, and Maddalena Visconti)
John, Margrave “the Alchemist” of Brandenburg-Kulmbach + Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg
Barbara of Brandenburg + Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua
Dorothea of Brandenburg + Christian I of Denmark (first king of the House of Oldenburg. See below)
Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg (House of Hohenzollern. Founder of the ORDER OF THE SWAN) + Catherine of Saxony (see below)
Albert III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg (member of the ORDER OF THE SWAN, spent time at the court of Emperor Sigismund) + Anna of Saxony (daughter of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony + Sophia of Poland (sister of Sigismund I the Old)
John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg + Margaret of Thuringia
Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg + Elizabeth of Denmark (see below)
Anna of Brandenburg + Frederick I of Denmark (see below)
Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (signed AUGSBURG CONFESSION) + Hedwig of Münsterberg-Oels
Anna Maria of Brandenburg-Ansbach + Christoph, Duke of Württemberg
Eleonore of Württemberg + Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt
John George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (learned in astrology and alchemy. Member of Fruitbearing Society) + Countess Palatine Dorothea of Simmern
Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau + William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (see below)
CHRISTIAN OF ANHALT (advisor-in-chief of Frederick IV, Elector Palatine, of the ALCHEMICAL WEDDING) + Anna of Bentheim-Tecklenburg
Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt + AUGUSTUS, ELECTOR OF SAXONY (see above)
Dorothea Maria of Anhalt (at whose funeral the Fruitbearing Society was founded, on August 24, 1617, date of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in 1572) + Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (Fruitbearing Society) + Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau (see above)
John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (Fruitbearing Society) + Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein
Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach + John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Caroline of Ansbach + George II of England (see below)
Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (member of Fruitbearing Society, founder of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha dynasty. See Genealogy of the House of Romanov) + Elisabeth Sophie, Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (see below)
Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Plötzkau (Fruitbaering Society, led Rosicrucian court, including PAUL NAGEL, collaborated with Baltazar Walther)
Rudolph, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (Fruitbaering Society) + Dorothea Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (see below)
Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst + AUGUSTUS THE YOUNGER, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (member of Fruitbaering Society, friend of JOHANN VALENTIN ANDREAE, purported author of the ROSICRUCIAN MANIFESTOS, and RABBI TEMPLO)
Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel + Princess Elisabeth Juliana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg
Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg + Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen (see below)
John VI, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (member of Fruitbearing Society) + Sophie Augusta of Holstein-Gottorp (see below)
Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (founder of the Fruitbearing Society) + Louis married Amöena Amalie
Sabina of Brandenburg-Ansbach + John George, Elector of Brandenburg (see below)
ALBERT, DUKE OF PRUSSIA (Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, founder of the Duchy of Prussia) + Dorothea (daughter of Frederick I of Denmark)
ALBERT, DUKE OF PRUSSIA + Anna Maria of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen
Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia + Marie Eleonore of Cleves (daughter of Wilhelm, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg + Archduchess Maria of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand I and Anna Jagellonica. See Genealogy of the Knight of the Swan)
Anna of Prussia + John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg (after Albert Frederick’s death in 1603, the Sigismund III Vasa permitted John Sigismund to succeed him in 1611, thereafter ruling Brandenburg, and Duchy of Prussia in personal union)
George William, Elector of Brandenburg + Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (see below)
Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg + GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, King of Sweden (see below)
Duchess Sophie of Prussia + Wilhelm Kettler
Jacob Kettler + Princess Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg (see below)
Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia + John George I, Elector of Saxony (see below)
Johann of Brandenburg-Ansbach (Order of the Golden Fleece)
Sibylle of Brandenburg + William IV, Duke of Jülich-Berg
Maria of Jülich-Berg + John III, Duke of Cleves
Sibylle of Cleves + JOHN FREDERICK I, ELECTOR OF SAXONY (see below)
Anne of Cleves + Henry VIII of England (no issue)
William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg + Maria of Austria (daughter of Ferdinand I and Anna Jagellonica)
Marie Eleonore of Cleves + Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia
Frederick III, Landgrave of Thuringia + Catherine of Henneberg
Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (received the Saxon Electorate from Emperor Sigismund, founder of the Order of the Dragon) + Catherine of Brunswick and Lunenburg (see below)
Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (Order of the Golden Fleece) + Margaret of Austria (daughter of Ernest the Iron, Duke of Austria, member of the Order of the Dragon, son of Viridis Visconti and father of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor)
Anna of Saxony + Albert III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg (member of the Order of the Swan. See below)
Ernest, Elector of Saxony (founder of the ERNESTINE branch of the House of Wettin) + Elisabeth of Bavaria (see below)
Christina of Saxony + John I of Denmark (see below)
FREDERICK III, THE WISE, ELECTOR OF SAXONY (one of the most powerful early defenders of Martin Luther, hiding him at Wartburg Castle)
JOHN, ELECTOR OF SAXONY (1468 – 1532, known for organizing the Lutheran Church in the Electorate of Saxony with the help of Martin Luther, helped PHILIP I, LANDGRAVE OF HESSE, found the League of Gotha) + Sophie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (friend of Martin Luther, founder of Schmalkaldic League with PHILIP I, LANDGRAVE OF HESSE, and ordered creation of LUTHER ROSE) + Sibylle of Cleves
Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar + Dorothea Susanne of Simmern
Friedrich Wilhelm I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar + Anna Maria of the Palatinate-Neuburg (see below)
JOHN, ELECTOR OF SAXONY + Margaret of Anhalt-Köthen (see above)
John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (no issue)
Margaret of Saxony + Henry I of Lüneburg
Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (signed the Augsburg Confession) + Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg + Ursula of Saxe-Lauenburg
Julius Ernst, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg + Maria of Ostfriesland
Maria Katharina + Adolphus Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (member of Fruitbearing Society, see below)
AUGUSTUS THE YOUNGER, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (member of Fruitbearing Society, friend of JOHANN VALENTIN ANDREAE, purported author of the ROSICRUCIAN MANIFESTOS, and RABBI TEMPLO) + Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst (daughter of the Ascanian prince Rudolph of Anhalt-Zerbst)
AUGUSTUS THE YOUNGER, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg + Duchess Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg, daughter of Duke John Albert II of Mecklenburg
Ferdinand Albert I + Christine of Hesse-Eschwege
Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel + Princess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (see below)
Francis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (signed Augsburg Confession)
Margaret of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg +
Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick + Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
William the Younger, Duke of Brunswick + Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg (see below)
Francis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Albert III, Duke of Saxony (ORDER OF THE GOLDEN FLEECE, founder of the ALBERTINE branch of the House of Wettin) + Sidonie Podiebrad of Bohemia
Henry IV, Duke of Saxony (1526 – 1586) + Catherine of Mecklenburg
AUGUSTUS, ELECTOR OF SAXONY (1526 – 1586, recognized as Elector by the ousted John Frederick I in 1554. Sponsored the publication of the BOOK OF CONCORD) + Anna of Denmark (sister of Frederick II of Denmark, who supported TYCHO BRAHE, and father of Anne of Denmark, wife of King James I of England)
Christian I, Elector of Saxony + Sophie of Brandenburg
John George I, Elector of Saxony + Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia (see above)
Marie Elisabeth of Saxony + Duke Frederick III of Holstein-Gottorp
Sofie Auguste of Holstein-Gottorp + John VI, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (see above)
Karl William, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (Fruitbearing Society) + Duchess Sophia of Saxe-Weissenfels
John Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (no issue)
Magdalene Auguste + Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (see below)
Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Plötzkau (Fruitbearing Society) + Sibylle of Solms-Laubach
Dorothea + Duke Heinrich Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Dorothea Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel + Rudolph, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (Fruitbearing Society)
Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst + AUGUSTUS THE YOUNGER, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (member of Fruitbearing Society, friend of JOHANN VALENTIN ANDREAE, purported author of the Rosicrucian manifestos, and RABBI TEMPLO)
Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel + Princess Elisabeth Juliana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg
Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg + Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen
Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel + Archduke Charles VI of Austria
EMPRESS MARIA THERESA + Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
JOSEPH II, HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR (had affair with JACOB FRANK)
Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel + Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia (son and heir of PETER THE GREAT, who initiated by Sir Christopher Wren and introduced Freemasonry in his dominions))
PETER II OF RUSSIA (the direct male line of the Romanov dynasty ended with this death)
Princess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel + Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (see below)
Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern (member of Royal Society and Fruitbearing Society) + Princess Christine of Hesse-Eschwege
Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (Fruitbearing Society) + Princess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (see above)
Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern + FREDERICK II THE GREAT OF PRUSSIA (see below)
FERDINAND, DUKE OF BRUNSWICK (Grand Master of Strict Observance, member of ILLUMINATI, GOLDEN AND ROSY CROSS and ASIATIC BRETHREN. Grand Master of the founder of Schmalkaldic League with )
Princess Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel + Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (see below)
Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel + Frederick V of Denmark (see below)
Augustus, Elector of Saxony (recognized as Elector by the ousted John Frederick I in 1554. Sponsored the publication of the BOOK OF CONCORD) + Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt (sister of CHRISTIAN OF ANHALT, advisor-in-chief of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, of the ALCHEMICAL WEDDING)
Maurice, Elector of Saxony (though a Lutheran, allied with Emperor Charles V against the Schmalkaldic League. Gained the Electorate for the Albertine line in 1547 after Charles V's victory at the Battle of Mühlberg) + Agnes of Hesse (see above)
Frederick of Saxony (Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
George, Duke of Saxony (ORDER OF THE GOLDEN FLEECE) + Barbara Jagiellon (the sixth daughter of King Casimir IV of Poland and Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria. Named after her great-grandmother, Barbara of Cilli, who co-founded the ORDER OF THE DRAGON with Emperor Sigismund. Sister of SIGISMUND I THE OLD, whose daughter Anna Jagiellon married STEPHEN BATHORY, sponsor of JOHN DEE and uncle of ELIZABETH BATHORY, the “Blood Countess”)
Christine of Saxony + PHILIP I, LANDGRAVE OF HESSE (descended from ELIZABETH OF HUNGARY, of the Miracle of the Roses. Founder of Schmalkaldic League with John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony, friend of Martin Luther, who ordered creation of LUTHER ROSE)
Agnes of Hesse + MAURICE, ELECTOR OF SAXONY
Anna of Saxony + WILLIAM THE SILENT (Order of the Golden Fleece)
MAURICE PRINCE OF ORANGE (Order of the Golden Fleece)
Christine of Hesse + Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Sophia of Holstein-Gottorp + John VII, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Adolphus Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Fruitbearing Society) + Marie Katharina
Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin + Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels
Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels + Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (Fruitbearing Society)
Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg + Magdalene Auguste (see above)
Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha + Frederick, Prince of Wales (see below)
Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg + Princess Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen (see below)
Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha + Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
Princess Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen + Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (see above)
ERNEST II, DUKE OF SAXE-GOTHA-ALTERNBURG (gave refuge to Adam Weishaupt) + Charlotte of Sase-Meiningen
Fredericka + Johann August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (without issue)
Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz + Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg + Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen
Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz + Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz + FREDERICK WILLIAM III OF PRUSSIA (see below)
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz + GEORGE III OF ENGLAND (see below)
Christina of Holstein-Gottorp + Charles IX of Sweden (brother of John III of Sweden of the House of Vasa)
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS + Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg
QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN (in conspiracy with Menasseh ben Israel, Isaac La Peyrère and Louis, Grand Condé)
John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp + Augusta of Denmark (see below)
Anna of Hesse + Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
Philipp Ludwig, Count Palatine of Neuburg + Anna of Cleves
Countess Palatine Anna Maria of Neuburg + Friedrich Wilhelm I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (see above)
Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (Fruitbearing Society) + Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken + Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg + Catherine of Sweden (see below)
William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel + Sabine of Württemberg
MAURICE “THE LEARNED”, LANDGRAVE OF HESSE-KASSEL (member of Fruitbearing Society, friend of FREDERICK V OF P) + Agnes of Solms-Laubach
William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (Fruitbearing Society)
William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (Fruitbearing Society)
Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel + Christian V of Denmark
Frederick IV of Denmark + Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
Christian VI of Denmark (member of ZINZENDORF’s Order of the Mustard Seed) + Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
Frederick V of Denmark + Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (see above)
Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark + Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Princess Louise Charlotte + PRINCE WILLIAM OF HESSE-KASSEL (see below)
Frederick V of Denmark + Princess Louise of Great Britain (see below)
William VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel + Maria Amalia of Courland (see below)
Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal + Katharina Amalia Gräfin von Solms-Laubach
Elisabeth Henriëtte + Frederick I of Prussia (no issue)
Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassele + Charles Louis, Elector Palatine (see below)
Elisabeth of Hesse + Louis VI, Elector Palatine
Maria of the Palatinate + Charles IX of Sweden
Catherine of Sweden + John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg
Christina Magdalena + Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach
Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach + Augusta Marie of Holstein-Gottorp (see above)
Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach + Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp (see below)
Charles X Gustav of Sweden (Fruitbearers Society) + Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp
Charles XI of Sweden + Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark
Charles XII
Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden + Frederick I of Sweden (see above)
Frederick IV, Elector Palatine + Louise Juliana of Nassau (see above)
ALCHEMICAL WEDDING: Frederick V of the Palatinate + Elizabeth Stuart (daughter of King James I of England)
Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine + Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel (see above)
Charles II, Elector of the Palatinate + Princess Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark
Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine + PHILIPPE II, DUKE OF ORLEANS (purported Grand Master of the ORDER OF THE TEMPLE according to the CHARTER OF LARMENIUS)
Élisabeth Charlotte d’Orléans + Leopold, Duke of Lorraine (see above)
Francis I + EMPRESS MARIA-THERESA (supported JACOB FRANK)
Joseph II (had affair with Eva, daughter of JACOB FRANK)
PHILIPPE II, DUKE OF ORLEANS (1674 – 1723, friend of CHEVALIE MICHAEL RAMSAY) + Françoise Marie de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Blois (d. of Louis XIV + Madame de Montespan (1640 – 1707), close to Philippe I, and accused of Black Mass)
Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)
Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (1725 – 1785)
LOUIS PHILIPPE II, DUKE OF ORLEANS (1747 – 1793), aka Philippe Égalité, Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, member of the ILLUMINATI, and friend of JACOB FALK)
Sophia of Hannover + Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover (from the Calenberg-Hanover Line of the House of Welf, acquired the right to be a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire as the Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg)
Sophia Charlotte of Hanover + Frederick I of Prussia (see below)
GEORGE I OF ENGLAND + Sophia Dorothea of Celle
Sophia Dorothea of Hanover + Frederick William I of Prussia (see below)
GEORGE II OF ENGLAND (1683 – 1760) + Caroline of Ansbach
Princess Louise of Great Britain (1724 – 1751 + Frederick V of Denmark (1723 – 1766)
Sophia Magdalena of Denmark + GUSTAV III OF SWEDEN (1746 – 1792, see below)
Christian VII of Denmark (1749 – 1808) + Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (see below)
Frederick VI of Denmark + Marie of Hesse-Kassel (see above)
Princess Louise Augusta of Denmark + Frederick Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (member of the ILLUMINATI)
Princess Louise of Denmark (1750–1831) + PRINCE CHARLES OF HESSE-KASSEL (see below)
Princess Mary of Great Britain (1723 – 1772) + Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (see below)
Frederick, Prince of Wales + Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (see above)
GEORGE III OF ENGLAND (1738 – 1820) + Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (1767 – 1820) + Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
QUEEN VICTORIA + Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (see below)
Caroline Matilda of Great Britain + Christian VII of Denmark (see below)
Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate + George William, Elector of Brandenburg
Princess Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg + Jacob Kettler
Maria Amalia of Courland + Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (see above)
Frederick I of Sweden + Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden (see below)
William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel + Dorothea Wilhelmina of Saxe-Zeitz
Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel + Princess Mary of Great Britain (see above)
William I, Elector of Hesse (1743 – 1821) - (hired MAYER AMSCHEL ROTHSCHILD who founded Rothschild dynasty. Convoked CONGRESS OF WILHEMSBAD of 1782)
PRINCE CHARLES OF HESSE-KASSEL (Member of GOLDEN AND ROSY CROSS, ILLUMINATI and Grand Master of ASIATIC BRETHREN, friend of COMTE ST. GERMAIN. Main organizer of the CONGRESS OF WILHEMSBAD of 1782. See above)
Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel + Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Christian IX of Denmark + Louise of Hesse-Kassel (1817 – 1898, friend of Marie de Riznitch, Comtesse de Keller who married Alexandre Saint-Yves d’Alveydre)
Alexandra, Queen of the United Kingdom + Edward VII of England
Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark) + Tsar Alexander III
Marie of Hesse-Kassel + Frederick VI of Denmark (see below)
Frederick (1747 – 1837) of Hesse-Kassel
Prince William of Hesse-Kassel (1787 – 1867) + Princess Louise Charlotte (see above)
Louise of Hesse-Kassel (friend of Comtesse de Keller, wife of Saint-Yves d’Alveydre, founder of Synarchism) + Christian IX of Denmark (see above)
Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel + John William Friso, Prince of Orange
William IV, Prince of Orange
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg + Countess Louise Henriette of Nassau (daughter of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, son of WILLIAM THE SILENT)
Frederick I of Prussia + Elizabeth Henrietta of Hesse-Kassel (see above)
Princess Luise Dorothea of Prussia (no issue)
Frederick I of Prussia + Sophia Charlotte of Hanover (see above)
Frederick William I of Prussia + Sophia Dorothea of Hanover (see above)
FREDERICK II THE GREAT OF PRUSSIA (1712 – 1786) + Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern (see above)
Prince Augustus William of Prussia (1722 – 1758)
FREDERICK WILLIAM II OF PRUSSIA (1744 – 1797, member of GOLDEN AND ROSY CROSS)
Frederick William III of Prussia + Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Kaiser Wilhelm I, German Emperor + Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Frederick III, German Emperor + Victoria, Princess Royal (see below)
Kaiser Wilhelm I + Edwina Viereck (German actress)
Louis Viereck
George Sylvester Viereck
Louisa Ulrika of Prussia + Louisa Ulrika of Prussia (1710 – 1771)
CHARLES XIII (1748 – 1818, Grand Master of the Swedish Order of Freemasons) + Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp (Hesse-Kassel)
GUSTAV III (1746 – 1792, patron of SWEDENBORG and Grand Master of Swedish Rite of Freemasonry) + Sophia Magdalena of Denmark (see above)
Magdalena of Saxony + Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (see below)