The Genealogy of the Priory of Sion
the Priory of Sion hoax
The official emblem of the Priory of Sion is partly based on the fleur-de-lis, which was a symbol particularly associated with the French monarchy.
Although stated as fact in Dan Brown’s Da Vinci Code, the Priory of Sion is a mythical organization invented by Pierre Plantard and his associates, in his in his failed attempt to create a prestigious neo-chivalric order. The theme was largely plagiarized by Brown from the 1982 sensationalistic The Holy Blood, Holy Grail, of Baigent, Leigh and Lincoln. Based on clues they found deposited in various libraries, including the infamous Dossier Secrets, the authors constructed an outlandish hypothesis that the Priory of Sion were protectors the sang real (“royal blood”), not the san greal (“Holy Grail”), a sacred bloodline of the descendants of Jesus who purportedly would have wed Mary Madgalene, who then fled to southern France following the Crucifixion. Although clearly fanciful, Lynn Picknett and Clive Prince, in The Sion Revelation, revealed that the Priory of Sion was a front organization for clandestine synarchist and Martinist secret societies plotting to create Saint-Yves d’Alveydre’s “United States of Europe.” This “Empire of the End Times,” was to be ruled by the Grand Monarch prophesied by Nostradamus and fulfill the Three Secrets of Fatima. According to some accounts, Nostradamus’ grandfather was Jean de Saint-Remy, a Jewish Kabbalist at the court of René of Anjou, a purported Grand Master of the Priory of Sion.
All but two of the purported Grand Masters of the Priory of Sion are also found on lists of alleged “Imperators” and “distinguished members” of Harvey Spencer Lewis’s Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis (AMORC), whose founding was linked to the Brotherhood of the Polaires. The leading member of the Brotherhood Polaires were major influences on SS investigator Otto Rahn, whose research would result in his best-selling book Crusade Against the Grail. Rahn was in the employ of the Ahnenerbe, founded in 1935 by Heinrich Himmler for the purpose of conducting research around the globe for the lost heritage of the Aryan race, including the Holy Grail, a quest made popular in Steven Spielberg’s Indiana Jones movies. According to Rahn, the Cathars were inheritors of the worship of Abellio, a species of dying-god worshipped in the Pyrenees with the Latinized form of Belenus-Apollo whom he equated with Lucifer. Rahn also pointed out that Grail author Wolfram von Eschenbach identified Percival with the Cathar Raymond-Roger of Trencavel and his mother Adelaide with Herzeloyde. Esclarmonde de Foix was identified by Rahn as a historical precedent of the protector of the Grail “Repanse de Schoye” in Eschenbach’s Parzival. Rahn speculated that the treasure possessed by the Grail represented the treasures of the Jews captured by Alaric and then the Byzantine general Belisarius, as recounted by Procopius. Rahn was convinced that Pope Innocent III had initiated Albigensian Crusade as a crusade against the Grail, which he believed was hidden in the Cathar fortress of Montsegur, which he equated with Wolfram’s Grail castle of Munsalvaesche. Himmler was sent by Hitler in 1937 to attempt to locate Alaric treasure, which was believed to have been buried with him beneath the Busento river in Italy.
In 1990, Pierre Plantard, who formulated the Priory of Sion hoax evised his assertions, claiming he was only descended from a cadet branch of the line of the Merovingian king Dagobert II, while arguing that the direct descendant was really Otto von Habsburg (1912 – 2011), the last crown prince of Austria-Hungary, and claimant to the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and co-founder of the Pan-European Union, a synarchist organizaion behind the creation of the Europen Union. Otto became the pretender to the former thrones, head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece.
Although a hoax, the lineage betrays an extensive knowledge of occult history. So extensive is this knowledge that it was likely not the result of the effort of a few individuals, but most have beeen accumulated over centuries. The answer is largely found by tracing the members of the Order of the Golden Fleece and the Order of the Fleur de Lys, founded by René of Anjou, a purported Grand Master of the Priory of Sion. The House of Luxembourg—like the House of Anjou and their descendants the House of Plantagenet and the French House of Lusignan—are descended, according to medieval folk legends, from the dragon demon Melusine. It was at Jean de Berry’s request that Jean d’Arras, as he says in his introduction, wrote a long prose romance called the Roman de Mélusine or the Chronique de Melusine part of Le Noble Hystoire de Lusignan, in 1392-94. D’Arras dedicated the work to Jean de Berry’s sister Marie of Valois, Duchess of Bar and expressed the hope that it would aid in the political education of her children. René’s daughter, Margaret of Anjou, as the wife of Henry VI of England, was one of the principal figures in the Wars of the Roses and at times personally led the Lancastrian faction. René was succeeded as Grand Master of the Priory of Sion by his daughter, Yolande, Duchess of Lorraine, who inspired the opera Iolanta, written by Tchaikovsky.
The current house orders of Habsburg-Lorraine are the Order of the Golden Fleece and the Imperial and Royal Order of Saint George. The origins of the Order of St. George of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine date back to 1308, when Emperor Henry VII, founder of the House of Luxembourg, donated the Order of the Old Nobility, or later Order of the Four Roman Emperors. The Order of St. George also has traditional roots in the Austrian Order of St. George, which was founded by Emperor Frederick III of Habsburg and Pope Paul II in Rome in 1469. Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg, Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece, was a particular patron of the order. It is believed Frederick III Order of St. George by Emperor Friedrich III was connected to another previous order, the Austrian Dragon Society founded in 1409 in Ödenburg, which in turn was directly connected to the Order of the Dragon by the Hungarian King and Emperor Sigismund. In 1769, when Count Philipp Ferdinand (1734 – 1794) re-established the community as a dynastic order of the House of Limburg-Stirum, he wished to honour the four emperors of the Luxembourg dynasty, Henry VII, Charles IV, Wencesla, and Empeoror Sigismund.
The House of Savoy, like the houses of Gonzaga, Cleves, Lorraine, Wettin and Montferrat all began their ascent after they were recognized by Emperor Sigismund of Luxembourg, founder of the Order of Dragon. These bloodlines lead us back specifically to the House of Savoy, claimants of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and their interrelationships with the houses of Este, Sforza, Visconti, Gonzaga, Medici and Montferrat, who inherited the symbol of the double-eagle from the Palaiologos dynasty, later adopted by the Holy Roman Empire. Preceding René of Anjou and the alchemist Nicholas Flamel as Grand Masters of the Priory of Sion were Edward I, Count of Bar, his sister Jeanne de Bar and Blanche of Navarre, Queen of France, the second wife of Philip VI of France. By his first wife, Joan of Burgundy, Philip VI fathered John II, King of France, who married Bonne of Luxembourg. Their children included Charles V of France, John, Duke of Berry and René’s great-grandmother, Marie of Valois, Duchess of Bar, who married Robert I, Duke of Bar, the grandson of Edward I, Count of Bar. The three of them were cousins of Sigismund of Luxembourg, founder of the Order of the Dragon, whose father Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor was the brother of Bonne of Luxembourg. Bonne’s aunt, Beatrix of Luxembourg, married Charles I of Hungary, the founder of the Order of Saint George, that the Order of the Dragon was modeled on. Charles I was the grandfather of Sigismund’s wife, Mary, Queen of Hungary.
Charles I was descended from Peter II of Aragon, the founder of the Order of Saint George of Alfama, and a defender of the Cathars who was killed in the Battle of Muret, last major battle of the Albigensian Crusade. Peter II was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha, the daughter of Alfonso VII of Leon and Castile and Richeza of Poland. Ferdinand II of Leon, the son of Alfonso VII and Berenguela, the daughter of the Templar Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, was the founder of the Order of Santiago. Ferdinand II’s great-granddaughter Eleanor of Castile married Edward I of England, grandfather of Edward III of England, who founded the Order of the Garter, which represented the survival of the Templar Knights. Charles I’s aunt Eleanor of Anjou married Peter II’s great-grandson, Frederick III of Sicily, who hired services of Templar Roger “Jolly Roger” de Flor. Their daughter Constance of Sicily married Henry II of Lusignan, who transferred property of Templars to Hospitallers in 1313. Eleanor’s sister Blanche of Anjou married James II of Aragon, who transferred the Templar properties in Aragon to his own Order of Montesa, which was later merged with the Order of Saint George of Alfama.
The branch of Vaudemont and Guise from the House of Lorraine become the major branch after a brief interlude in 1453–1473, when the duchy passed from Charles de Bourbon’s daughter to her husband John of Calabria, and Lorraine reverted to the House of Vaudemont, a junior branch of the House of Lorraine, in the person of René II, Duke of Lorraine, who later added to his titles that of Duke of Bar. René II was the son of Yolande of Bar, who purportedly succeeded her father René of Anjou, known as Good King Rene, as Grand Master of the Priory of Sion. His father was Ferri de Vaudemont, who belonged to René of Anjou’s Order of the Crescent, along with Franceso I Sforza. René II married Philippa of Guelders, the niece of Philip the Good, founder of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Their son, Claude, Duke of Guise, was the father of Marie de Guise, who married James V of Scotland, a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Catherine of Cleves, another niece of Philip the Good, married James V’s great-grandfather, James II of Scotland. James V was the son of James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII, a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, Elizabeth of York, daughter of Elizabeth Woodville who was accused of witchcraft. Marie of Cleves’s sister, Catherine of Cleves, married Charles, Duke of Orléans, a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.
Yolande was then succeeded by Sandro Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci. But between da Vinci and Robert Fludd, who are relatively well-known, are three Grand Masters that are otherwise quite obscure. Their significance is discovered by the fact that they are listed as Grand Masters of the Order of the Fleur de Lys created by René of Anjou and linked to the founding of the Garde Ecossaise. They are also linked to the houses of Este, Savoy and Sforza, who are closely linked to the Order of the Golden Fleece and the Order of the Dragon. They include Charles III, Duke of Bourbon, and his successors Ferrante I Gonzaga and Ludovico Gonzaga. Among Botticelli’s patrons were the Medici, the Este, the Gonzaga. Da Vinci’s chief patron was Ludovico Sforza, Grand Master of the Order of the Fleur de Lys, and the son of Francesco I Sforza, founding member of Rene of Anjou’s Order of the Crescent. Ludovico was succeeded by René II, Duke of Lorraine, the son of Yolande of Bar. René II was also the grandfather of Marie of Guise, who married James V, King of Scotland, a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece. René II was succeeded as Grand Master of the Order of the Fleur de Lys by Charles III, Duke of Bourbon, the second son of Gilbert Count of Montpensier and Clara Gonzaga, the daughter of Federico Gonzaga Marquess of Mantua and Margaret of Bavaria. Clara’s brother was Francesco II Gonzaga, who married Isabella d’Este, and was the father of Ferrante I Gonzaga, whose nephew was Ludovico Gonzaga.
After them were Grand Masters associated with Rosicrucianism and Freemasonry, like Robert Fludd, Johann Valentin Andreae, Robert Boyle, Isaac Newton, the Jacobite Charles Radclyffe, who founded the Grand Lodge of Paris. Radclyffe was succeeded by Charles de Lorraine, who in turn was succeeded by his nephew, Maximilian de Lorraine. Charles was the son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine and Élisabeth Charlotte d’Orléans, the daughter of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans and Elizabeth Charlotte, the grand-daughter of the Alchemical Wedding of Frederick V of the Palatinate and Elizabeth Stuart. Elizabeth Charlotte’s brother, Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, friend of Chevalier Michael Ramsay, married Françoise Marie de Bourbon, the daughter of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan, who was accused of practicing the Black Mass in the L’affaire des poisons (“Affair of the Poisons”).
Charles de Lorraine was the brother of Emperor Francis I (1708 – 1765), Duke of Lorraine and Bar, the husband of Empress Maria Theresa, who granted protection to Jacob Frank. As a result of the War of the Spanish Succession, the Order of the Golden Fleece was separated into a Spanish and Austrian branch. The rule over the Order of the Golden Fleece passed from the Burgundian dukes to the Austrian archduke, and from them to the Spanish kings and Holy Roman Emperors, in turn to the emperors of the Austrian and Austro-Hungarian Empire. As the Habsburgs were divided into two branches, the Spanish and Austrian, accordingly, the Order of the Golden Fleece was also divided into two such branches. In 1724, a special congress was held, in which the dispute between two branches of one dynasty was considered, but no decision was accepted. With the tacit acceptance of both sides, the Austrian and Spanish governors created two chapters of the Order, independent of each other. Maria Theresa is said to have issued new statutes of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1765. The problem of female inheritance was avoided on the accession of Maria Theresa in 1740, as sovereignty of the order passed not to herself but to her husband Francis I, who would become Grand Master of the Austrian branch of the Order of the Golden Fleece. The marriage in 1736 of Francis I and Maria Theresa, later successively Queen of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary and Archduchess of Austria, originated the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, the legitimate surviving line of the House of Habsburg and the House of Lorraine. Charles de Lorraine also married Maria Theresa’s sister, making him twice her brother-in-law. Maximilian de Lorraine was the son of Maria Theresa and Francis I. Maximilian’s brother Joseph II reportedly had an affair with Frank’s daughter Eva. Their sister was Marie Antoinette, wife of Louis XVI, who were excecuted during the French Revolution. Both Charles and Maximilian were also Grand Masters of the Teutonics Knights. Most importantly, Maximilian would become Grand Master of the Order of the Fleur de Lys.
Otto von Habsburg’s father was Charles I of Austria, the last ruler of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the nephew to Archduke Franz Ferdinand, whose assassination in 1914 precipitated World War I. Otto, also known by his royal name as Archduke Otto of Austria, was the last Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary from 1916 until the dissolution of the empire in 1918. He subsequently became the pretender to the former thrones, Head of the Imperial House of Habsburg, a member of the Knights of Malta, and Sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece. The full list of Otto von Habsburg’s titles included:
By the Grace of God Emperor of Austria; Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia and Lodomeria; King of Jerusalem etc.; Archduke of Austria; Grand Duke of Tuscany and Cracow; Duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and Bukowina; Grand Prince of Transylvania, Margrave of Moravia; Duke of Silesia, Modena, Parma, Piacenza, Guastalla, Auschwitz and Zator, Teschen, Friuli, Dubrovnik and Zadar; Princely Count of Habsburg and Tyrol, of Kyburg, Gorizia and Gradisca; Prince of Trent and Brixen; Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and Istria; Count of Hohenems, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenburg etc.; Lord of Trieste, Kotor and the Windic March, Grand Voivod of the Voivodeship of Serbia etc.
Otto von Habsburg, his nephew Prince Vincenz of Liechtenstein (1950 – 2008), and his son Archduke Karl von Habsburg (b. 1961), were significantly involved in 2008 in the reorganization of the Ancient Order of St. George, a dynastic order of chivalry of the House of Habsburg. Aside from its Sovereignty, which is reserved for the Head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, knighthood in the Order of the Golden Fleece is not hereditary. The Grand Master does not divulge how he makes his nominations. Only about thirteen of the knights are Habsburgs. Non-hereditary Golden Fleece backgrounds include Duke of Braganza; Prince Kubrat of Bulgaria. Recent knights of the Golden Fleece include the current Sovereign, Otto’s son Karl von Habsburg; King Albert II of the Belgians, Prince Lorenz of Belgium; Archduke Andreas Salvator; Duke Georg von Hohenberg; Prince Albrecht von Hohenberg, grandson of assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand; Jean and Henri, Grand Dukes of Luxembourg; Archduke Joseph Árpád of Austria; Hans-Adam II, the reigning prince of Liechtenstein; and Prince Hugo zu Windisch-Graetz, the ambassador of the Knights of Malta to Slovenia. In 1987, Pope John Paul II appointed Windisch-Graetz a Gentleman of His Holiness, a role which entails meeting visiting heads of state and ambassadors and escorting them to meet the pope. Albert II was the son of Leopold III, Grand Master of the Order of the Fleur de Lys, originally founded by René of Anjou, purported Grand Master of the Priory of Sion.
According to Glen Covert, in “The Habsburg Most Illustrious Order of the Golden Fleece: Its potential relevance on modern culture in the European Union,” a number of Habsburgs and Spanish Knights of the Golden Fleece are Members of the European Council, a collegiate body that defines the overall political directions and priorities of the European Union, have the position to affect EU cultural policy. Placing the European Union within the context of the Statutes of the Order, Windisch-Graetz explained: “The Order’s inspirations couldn’t be more appropriate in the time we are living. For example, Europe is trying to achieve something that the Order mostly succeeded [in doing] 600 years ago. Unfortunately, up to now, the European Union hasn’t [yet succeeded].” What Windisch-Graetz was referring to was the dynastic alliances of the Habsburgs’ Holy Roman Empire with Spain and Portugal, which produced Emperor Charles V, Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece, who ruled over “the empire on which the Sun never sets.”
Theobald I, Count of Bar (see the Genealogy of the Princes’ Crusade) + Ermesinde (Isabella) of Bar-sur-Seine
Henry II of Bar (killed in Barons' Crusade) + Philippa of Dreux
Theobald II, Count of Bar + Jeanne de Toucy
Henry III, Count of Bar + Eleanor (d. of Edward I of England + Eleanor of Castile)
EDWARD I, COUNT OF BAR (Grand Master of the PRIORY OF SION) + Mary of Burgundy
Henry IV of Bar + Yolande of Flanders
Robert I, Duke of Bar + Marie of Valois, Duchess of Bar (see below)
Eleanor + Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine (s. of Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine)
Beatrice + Guido Gonzaga, Lord of Mantua
Ludovico II Gonzaga + lda (d. of Obizzo III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara)
Francesco I Gonzaga + Margherita Malatesta
Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua (first Gonzaga to bear the title of marquess, which he obtained from Emperor Sigismund) + Paola Malatesta
Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua + Barbara of Brandenburg (niece of Emperor Sigismund)
Federico I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua + Margaret of Bavaria (d. of Albert III, Duke of Bavaria)
Clara Gonzaga + Gilbert, Count of Montpensier
CHARLES III, DUKE OF BOURBON (Grand Master of the PRIORY OF SION, ORDER OF THE FLEUR DE LYS)
Renée de Bourbon + Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (see below)
Louise de Bourbon + Louis, Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon
Louis, Duke of Montpensier (influential in the court of Catherine de Medici) + Jacqueline de Longwy
Charlotte of Bourbon + William the Silent of Orange
Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau + Frederick IV, Elector Palatine
Frederick V of the Palatinate + Elizabeth Stuart (see below)
Countess Elisabeth of Nassau + Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon
Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne
Élisabeth de La Tour d'Auvergne + Guy Aldonce de Durfort
Jacques Henri de Durfort de Duras (purported Grand Master of the Order of the Temple. Served first under his uncle, Turenne, and under Louis, Grand Condé)
Victoire Félicité de Durfort + Henry James Fitzjames (son of James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, son of illegitimate son of James II of England by Arabella Churchill, sister of the 1st Duke of Marlborough)
Victoire Félicité de Durfort + Louis-Marie-Augustin d'Aumont (1709–1782), 5th Duke of Aumont.
Jean-Baptiste de Durfort de Duras (Freemason, belonging to the l'Olympique de la Parfaite Estime lodge).
Francesco II Gonzaga + Isabella d’Este
Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua + Margaret Paleologa (see below)
LUDOVICO GONZAGA, DUKE OF NEVERS (Grand Master of the PRIORY OF SION)
Guglielmo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua + Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua (see below)
FERRANTE GONZAGA (Grand Master of the PRIORY OF SION, ORDER OF THE FLEUR DE LYS)
JOAN OF BAR, COUNTESS OF SURREY (Grand Master of the PRIORY OF SION, mistress of John II of France)
Margaret of Bar + Henry V, Count of Luxembourg (paid homage to King Theobald II of Navarre, Count of Champagne. Ermesinde, Countess of Luxembourg, who trace their descent to the female serpent-spirit, Melusina. Emperor Frederick Barbarossa decided that she was the heir to the County of Luxembourg) + Waleran III of Limburg
Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (first emperor of the House of Luxembourg) + Margaret of Brabant
John the Blind, King of Bohemia + Elizabeth of Bohemia
Bonne of Luxembourg + John II, King of France (son of Philip VI of France, whose first wife was BLANCHE OF NAVARRE, Grand Master of the PRIORY OF SION)
Charles V of France
Charles VI of France + Isabeau of Bavaria
Charles VII of France + Marie of Anjou (see below)
Louis I, Duke of Orléans + Valentina Visconti
Charles, Duke of Orléans (Order of the Golden Fleece) + Bonne of Armagnac (see below)
Charles, Duke of Orléans (Order of the Golden Fleece) + Marie of Cleves
Louis XII of France + Anne of Brittany
Claude of France + Francis I of France (see below)
Renée of France + Ercole II d'Este (s. of Alfonso I d'Este + Lucrezia Borgia)
Anna d’Este + Francis, Duke of Guise (see below)
John, Count of Angoulême + Marguerite de Rohan
Charles, Count of Angoulême + Louise of Savoy (see below)
Catherine of Valois
Louis I, Duke of Anjou + Marie of Blois
Louis II of Anjou (see below)
John, Duke of Berry (requested that Jean d’Arras write the Roman de Mélusine or the Chronique de Melusine part of Le Noble Hystoire de Lusignan) + Joanna of Armagnac (daughter of Jean d’Armagnac, purported Grand Master of the Order of the Temple)
Bonne of Berry + Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy
Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy (antipope Felix V, elevated duke of Savoy by Emperor Sigismund) + Mary of Burgundy (see below)
Bonne of Berry + Bernard VII d'Armagnac (purported Grand Master of the Order of the Temple)
Jean IV d'Armagnac (purported Grand Master of the Order of the Temple) + Blanche of Brittany (daughter of John IV, Duke of Brittany and Jeanne d' Évreux)
Bonne of Armagnac + Charles, Duke of Orléans
Philip the Bold + Margaret III, Countess of Flanders
John the Fearless + Margaret of Bavaria
Philip the Good (founder of the ORDER OF THE GOLDEN FLEECE) + Isabella of Portugal (sister of Prince Henry the Navigator, Grand Master of the ORDER OF CHRIST)
Charles the Bold + Isabella of Bourbon (see above)
Agnes of Burgundy + Charles I, Duke of Bourbon
Isabella of Bourbon + Charles the Bold (see above)
Mary, Duchess of Burgundy + Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (s. of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor + Eleanor of Portugal, d. of Edward, King of Portugal, brother of Prince Henry the Navigator, Grand Master of the Order of Christ, and brother of Joanna of Castile who married Philip the Good, founder of the Order of the Golden Fleece)
Philip I of Castile + Joanna of Castile (daughter of Ferdinand, knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, and Queen Isabella)
Eleanor + Manuel I of Portugal (Order of the Golden Fleece, Grand Master of the Order of Christ)
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece) + Isabella of Portugal (d. of Manuel I, King of Portugal, Grand Master of the Order of Christ)
Philip II of Spain (Grand Master of the orders of Santiago, Montesa and Calatrava, and a member of the Order of the Garter. Philip II’s second wife was Mary I of England, “Bloody Mary”)
Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress + Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (see below)
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece) + Anna Jagellonica (see below)
Margaret of Bourbon + Philip II, Duke of Savoy (see below)
Mary of Burgundy + Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy (see above)
Louis, Duke of Savoy + Anne of Cyprus (of the Poitiers-Lusignan dynasty)
Philip II, Duke of Savoy + Margaret of Bourbon (see above)
Philibert II + Yolande Louise of Savoy
Louise of Savoy + Charles, Count of Angoulême (see above)
Francis I of France (sponsor of Guillaume Postel, who prophesied coming of Alias Artista) + Claude, Duchess of Brittany (see above)
Margaret of Valois + Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy (see below)
Henry II of France + Catherine de Medici (sponsor of NOSTRADAMUS and creator of the Black Mass)
Claude of France + Charles III, Duke of Lorraine (see below)
Henry III of France (educated in Black Arts by his mother) + Louise of Lorraine
Henry II of France + Marie Touchet
Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulême (purported Grand Master of the Order of the Temple; in 1591 he obtained a dispensation from the vows of the Order of Malta; see below) + Charlotte de Montmorency (see below)
Marguerite de Navarre (author of Mirror of the Sinful Soul) + Henry II of Navarre
Jeanne III of Navarre + Antoine of Navarre (see below)
Philip II, Duke of Savoy + Claudine de Brosse of Brittany
Charles III, Duke of Savoy + Beatrice of Portugal (d. Manuel I of Portugal, Grand Master of the Order of Christ) + Maria of Aragon)
Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy + Margaret of Valois
Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy + Catherina Micaela of Spain (see below)
Philip II, Duke of Savoy + Libera Portoneri
René of Savoy + Anne Lascaris
Madeleine of Savoy + Anne de Montmorency (Order of the Garter)
Henri I de Montmorency (Grand Master of the Order of the Temple) + Louise de Budos
Charlotte de Montmorency + Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulême (Grand Master of the Order of the Temple, see above)
Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency + Henri II de Bourbon (Marie de Médici gave the Hôtel de Condé in Paris to Henri as part of a recompense for his agreeing to marry Charlotte; see below)
Charlotte of Savoy + Louis XI of France (see below)
Bona + Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan (s. of Francesco I Sforza, Order of the Crescent founded by René of Anjou, with Yolande de Bar’s husband, Ferri de Vaudimont)
Gian Galeazzo Sforza + Isabella of Naples
Bona Sforza + Sigismund I the Old (see below)
Anna Sforza + Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara
Joan, Queen of Navarre + Charles II of Navarre
Charles III of Navarre + Eleanor of Castile
Blanche I of Navarre + John II of Aragon (s. of son of Ferdinand I of Aragon)
Marie of Valois, Duchess of Bar + Robert I, Duke of Bar (see above)
Henry of Bar + Marie de Coucy, Countess of Soissons (d. of Enguerrand VII de Coucy, possible author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight)
Robert of Bar, Count of Marle + Jeanne de Béthune
Jeanne de Bar + Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol (see below)
Peter II of Luxembourg (Order of the Golden Fleece) + Marguerite of Savoy (daughter of Louis, Duke of Savoy and Anne of Lusignan)
Marie of Luxembourg + Francis de Bourbon, Count of Vendôme
Charles de Bourbon (of the House of Bourbon-Vendôme, became First Prince of the Blood) + Françoise of Alençon
Jacquetta of Luxembourg + Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers
Elizabeth Woodville (accused of witchcraft) + Edward IV of England
Elizabeth of York + Henry VII of England
Margaret Tudor + James IV of Scotland
James V of England (Order of the Garter and knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece) + Marie of Guise (see below)
Henry VIII of England + Anne Boleyn
Elizabeth I of England
Yolande of Bar + John I of Aragon (s. of Peter IV of Aragon + Eleanor of Sicily)
Yolande of Aragon + Louis II of Anjou (see above)
Louis III of Anjou
Marie of Anjou + Charles VII of France (see above)
Louis XI of France + Charlotte of Savoy (see above)
Charles VIII of France + Anne of Brittany
RENE OF ANJOU (Grand Master of PRIORY OF SION) + Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine
Margaret of Anjou + Henry VI of England (succeeded by Edward IV, s. of Richard Duke of York)
Edward, Prince of Wales
YOLANDE OF BAR (Grand Master of the PRIORY OF SION, inherited the Duchy of Lorraine in 1473 after the death without a male heir of Nicholas I, Duke of Lorraine) + Ferri de Vaudemont (Order of the Crescent, with FRANCESO I SFORZA)
Margaret of Lorraine + René, Duke of Alençon
Anne of Alençon + Casale to William IX of Montferrat
Margaret Paleologa + Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (see above)
LUDOVICO GONZAGA, DUKE OF NEVERS (Grand Master of the PRIORY OF SION)
Charles I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua + Catherine of Lorraine-Mayenne (see below)
Guglielmo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua + (see below)
RENE II, DUKE OF LORRAINE (Order of the Fleur de Lys) + Philippa of Guelders
Antoine, Duke of Lorraine + Renée de Bourbon (see above)
Francis I, Duke of Lorraine + Princess Christina of Denmark
Charles III, Duke of Lorraine + Claude of France (see above)
Henry II, Duke of Lorraine + Margherita Gonzaga (see below)
Christina of Lorraine (patron of Galileo)
Renata of Lorraine + William V, Duke of Bavaria
Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria + Maria Anna of Austria
Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria + Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy
Maria Anna of Bavaria + Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (see below)
Anna of Lorraine + René of Chalon, Prince of Orange (knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Willed the Principality of Orange to William the Silent)
Claude, Duke of Guise (founder of House of Guise, emade a duke by Francis I of France) + Antoinette de Bourbon
MARIE OF GUISE + James V of Scotland (see above)
Mary, Queen of Scots + Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
JAMES VI OF SCOTLAND (later King James I of England) + Anne of Denmark
Charles I of England + Henrietta Maria of France (see below)
ALCHEMICAL WEDDING: Elizabeth Stuart + Frederick V of the Palatinate (see above)
Charles Louis, (1617 – 1680)
Charles II (1651 – 1685) + Princess Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark
Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine + PHILIPPE I, DUKE OF ORLEANS (see below)
Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern + Anna Gonzaga (see below)
Sophia of Hannover + Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover (1629 – 1698)
Sophia Charlotte (1668–1705) + Frederick I of Prussia (1657 – 1713)
Frederick William I of Prussia (1720 – 1785) + Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
George I of England (1660 – 1727)
Sophia Dorothea of Hanover + Frederick William I of Prussia (s. of Sophia Charlotte + Frederick I of Prussia)
Frederick the Great (1712 – 1786)
Prince Augustus William of Prussia (1722 – 1758)
Frederick William II of Prussia (1744 – 1797, member of GOLDEN AND ROSY CROSS)
Louisa Ulrika of Prussia + Louisa Ulrika of Prussia (1710 – 1771)
Charles XIII (1748 – 1818, Grand Master of the Swedish Order of Freemasons) + Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp (Hesse-Kassel)
Gustav III (1746 – 1792, patron of Swedenborg and Grand Master of Swedish Rite of Freemasonry, and chosen to succeed Bonnie Prince Charlie as Grand Master of the Order of the Temple) + Sophia Magdalena of Denmark (see below)
George II of England (1683 – 1760)
Princess Louise of Great Britain (1724 – 1751 + King Frederick V of Denmark (1723 – 1766)
Sophia Magdalena of Denmark + Gustav III (1746 – 1792, see above)
Christian VII of Denmark (1749 – 1808) + Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (d. of Frederick, Prince of Wales, by Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha)
Frederick VI of Denmark (1768 – 1839)
Princess Louise of Denmark (1750–1831)
Princess Mary of Great Britain (1723 – 1772) + Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (direct descendants of Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, from the circle of the first Rosicrucians, a friend of Frederick V)
William I, Elector of Hesse (1743 – 1821)
(hired Mayer Amschel Rothschild who founded Rothschild dynasty)PRINCE CHARLES OF HESSE-KASSEL (Member of Illuminati and Asiatic Brethren, friend of Comte St. Germain)
Frederick, Prince of Wales (1707 – 1751)
King George III (1738 – 1820) + Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Francis, Duke of Guise + Anna d'Este (see above)
Henry I, Duke of Guise + Catherine of Cleves
Charles, Duke of Guise (Grand Master of the ORDER OF THE FLEUR DE LYS. Sided with Marie de Medici)
Charles, Duke of Mayenne + Henriette of Savoy
Catherine of Lorraine-Mayenne + Charles I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua
Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers + Maria Gonzaga
Eleanora Gonzaga + Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (see below)
Charles II, Duke of Mantua and Monferrat
Marie Louise Gonzaga + Władysław IV Vasa and secondly John II Casimir of Poland
Anna Gonzaga + Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern (son of ALCHEMICAL WEDDING of Frederick V of the Palatinate + Elizabeth Stuart)
Princess Anne of the Palatinate + Henri Jules, Prince of Condé (see below)
Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine (protector of Rabelais)
Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine (named Abbot Commendatory of the Abbey of Cluny by his friend King Francis I, Order of the Golden Fleece. Also friend of Erasmus and Rebelais)
Margaret of Lorraine + René of Alençon
Charles IV of Alençon + Marguerite of Angoulême
Françoise of Alençon + Charles de Bourbon (see above)
Antoine of Navarre + Jeanne III of Navarre (see above)
Henry IV, King of France (first king of France of the House of Bourbon) + MARIE DE MEDICI (see below)
Louis, Prince of Condé + Eléanor de Roye
Henri I, Prince of Condé (first cousin of Henry IV) + Charlotte Catherine de La Trémoille
Éléonore de Bourbon + Philip William, Prince of Orange (son of William the Silent and Anna of Egmond)
Henri II de Bourbon, Prince of Condé + Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency (see above)
Anne Geneviève de Bourbon + Henri II d'Orléans
Louis, Grand Condé (in conspiracy with Menasseh ben Israel, Isaac La Peyrère and Queen Christina) + Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé
Henri Jules, Prince of Condé + Princess Anne of the Palatinate (see above)
Louis III, Prince of Condé + Louise Françoise de Bourbon (see above)
LOUIS, COUNT OF CLERMONT (Grand Master of the GRAND LODGE OF FRANCE)
Armand, Prince of Conti + Anne Marie Martinozzi (sister of CARDINAL MAZARIN and aunt of MARY OF MODENA)
Anne, Lady of La Guerche + William IX Palaeologos, Marquis of Montferrat
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor + Elizabeth of Pomerania
SIGISMUND, HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR (founder of the ORDER OF THE DRAGON) + Barbara of Cilli
Elizabeth of Luxembourg + Albert II of Germany
Elizabeth of Austria + Casimir IV, King of Poland
Vladislaus II of Hungary + Anne of Foix-Candale
Anna Jagellonica + Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece)
Archduchess Anna of Austria + Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
William V, Duke of Bavaria + Renata of Lorraine (see below)
Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece) + Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress
Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain + Philip II of Spain
Philip III of Spain (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece) + Margaret of Austria
Philip IV of Spain (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece) + Elisabeth of France (d. of King Henry IV of France and his second spouse Marie de' Medici.)
Maria Theresa of Spain + Louis XIV of France
Louis, Grand Dauphin + Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria
Philip V of Spain (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece) + Elisabeth Farnese
Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain + Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia (see below)
Catherina Micaela of Spain + Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy (birth prophesied by Nostradamus)
Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy + Princess Christine Marie of France
Charles Emmanuel II + Christine of France (s. Of Louis XIII)
Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia + Anne Marie d’Orléans (see below)
Isabella of Savoy + Alfonso III d'Este, Duke of Modena
Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena + Maria Caterina Farnese
Alfonso IV d'Este, Duke of Modena + Laura Martinozzi
Mary of Modena + James II of England
James Francis Edward Stuart (“The Old Pretender”) + Maria Clementina Sobieska
Charles Edward Stuart, Bonnie Prince Charlie, "the Young Pretender"
Henry Benedict Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York
Rinaldo, Duke of Modena + Charlotte of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Francesco III d'Este, Duke of Modena + Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans (d. Philippe II, Duke of Orléans)
Ercole III d'Este, Duke of Modena (Order of the Golden Fleece) + Maria Teresa, Duchess of Massa
Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa + Archduke Ferdinand of Austria (see below)
Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano + Marie de Bourbon
Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano + Maria Angela Caterina d'Este
Victor Amadeus I + Maria Vittoria (d. of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia)
Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano
Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano
Charles Emmanuel of Savoy + Maria Theresa of Austria
Charles Albert of Sardinia
Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (Order of the Golden Fleece)
Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua + Guglielmo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (see above)
Margherita, Duchess consort of Ferrara + Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
Vincenzo I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (Order of the Golden Fleece) + Eleonora de' Medici (see below)
Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara + Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
Charles II, Archduke of Austria + Maria Anna of Bavaria
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor + Maria Anna of Bavaria (see above)
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor + Maria Anna of Spain
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor + Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg
Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor + Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor + Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
EMPRESS MARIA THERESA + FRANCIS I, HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR (see below)
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor + Eleanora Gonzaga
Eleonore of Austria + Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (see below)
Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain + Philip III of Spain
Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania + Sigismund Báthory (nephew of Elizabeth Bathory)
Joanna of Austria + Francesco I de Medici
Marie de Medici (Cosimo Ruggeri, who had been the trusted sorcerer of Catherine de Medici, was a personal friend of Marie de Medici’s favorites, Concino Concini and his wife Leonora Dori, who was later burned at the stake for witchcraft) + Henry IV of France (see above)
Louis XIII of France + Anne of Austria (d. of Philip III of Spain, Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece)
Louis XIV “the Sun King” of France + MADAME DE MONTESPAN (practitioner of the Black Mass involved in the Affair of the Poisons)
Louise Françoise de Bourbon + Louis III, Prince of Condé (see below)
Françoise Marie de Bourbon + PHILIPPE II, DUKE OF ORLEANS (see below)
Marie Victoire de Noailles + Louis de Pardaillan de Gondrin (grandson of Madame de Montespan)
Louis de Pardaillan de Gondrin, Duc d’Antin + Françoise Gillonne de Montmorency (granddaughter of François Henri de Montmorency, comrade and successor of the Grand Condé)
PHILIPPE I, DUKE OF ORLEANS (Order of the Golden Fleece) + Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine (see above)
PHILIPPE II, DUKE OF ORLEANS (friend of CHEVALIER MICHAEL RAMSAY) + Françoise Marie de Bourbon (see above)
Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)
Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (1725 – 1785)
LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF ORLEANS (Philippe Égalité, Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France)
Élisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Lorraine + Leopold, Duke of Lorraine (see below)
PHILIPPE I, DUKE OF ORLEANS (Order of the Golden Fleece) + Henrietta of England (see below)
Henrietta Maria + Charles I of England (see above)
Charles II of England + Catherine of Braganza (daughter of John IV of Portugal + Luisa de Guzmán, from the ducal house of Medina-Sidonia of allegedly crypto-Jewish background. See Genealogy of the Order of Santiago)
Lady Mary Tudor + Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater
James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater
CHARLES RADCLYFFE (founder of the Grand Lodge of England, officer in the Order of the Fleur de Lys, and Grand Master of the PRIORY OF SION, ORDER OF THE FLEUR DE LYS)
Mary, Princess of Orange + William II, Prince of Orange
William III of England + Mary II of England (see below)
James II and VII of England, Scotland and Ireland + Anne Hyde
Mary II of England + William II, Prince of Orange (together known as William and Mary)
William III of England, King of England, Ireland, and Scotland
James II & VII + Mary of Modena
James Francis Edward Stuart (“The Old Pretender”) + Maria Clementina Sobieska
CHARLES EDWARD STUART (Bonnie Prince Charlie, "the Young Pretender")
HENRY BENEDICT STUART (Cardinal Duke of York)
Henrietta of England + PHILIPPE I, DUKE OF ORLEANS (Order of the Golden Fleece) - (see above)
Anne Marie d’Orléans + Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (see above)
Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia + Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg
Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia + Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain (see above)n
Charles Emmanuel IV, King of Sardinia
Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia (Order of the Golden Fleece) + (see below)
Charles Felix, King of Sardinia (Order of the Golden Fleece)
Eleanor de' Medici + Vincenzo I Gonzaga (see above)
Margherita Gonzaga + Henry II, Duke of Lorraine (see above)
Nicole of Lorraine + Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine
Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (Order of the Golden Fleece)+ Eleonore of Austria (see above)
Leopold, Duke of Lorraine + Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans (see above)
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece) + Empress Maria Theresa (supporter of Jacob Frank)
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece, had affair with Eva, daughter of Jacob Frank)
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece) + Maria Luisa of Spain (d. Charles III of Spain, Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece)
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece) + Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
Archduke Franz Karl + Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
Franz Joseph I of Austria (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece)
Maximilian I of Mexico
Archduke Karl Ludwig + Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies + Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony
Archduke Franz Ferdinand + Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg
Archduke Otto of Austria + Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony
Charles I of Austria + Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma
OTTO VON HABSBURG (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece)
Archduke Ferdinand of Austria + Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa (see above)
Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia + Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
Marie Antoinette + Louis XVI
Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este + Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa
Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia + Victor Emanuel I, King of Sardinia
Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este + Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este + Count Ludwig von Arco
…
…
Count Joseph von und zu Arco-Zinneberg
Maria Gabrielle Countess (Gräfin) von Arco-Zinneberg + Anton Arco-Valley (Thule Society member responsible for assassination of Kurt Eisner. Arco's elder brother, Count Ferdinand (1893–1968), married Gertrud Wallenberg (1895–1983), member of the Swedish banking dynasty, and cousin of anti-Nazi hero Raoul Wallenberg)
Archduke Maximilian Francis (ORDER OF THE GOLDEN FLEECE, Grand Master of the TEUTONIC KNIGHTS, PRIORY OF SION, ORDER OF THE FLEUR DE LYS)
Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine (ORDER OF THE GOLDEN FLEECE, Grand Master of the TEUTONIC KNIGHTS, PRIORY OF SION)
Claude of Lorraine + Nicholas II, Duke of Lorraine
Vincenzo II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (in contact with Sendivogius)
Eleonora + Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Sigismund I the Old (Order of the Golden Fleece) + Bona Sforza (see above)
Sigismund II Augustus + Barbara Radziwiłł (accused of promiscuity and witchcraft)
Sigismund II Augustus
Anna Jagiellon + Stephen Báthory (sponsor of John Dee and uncle of Elizabeth Báthory, the “Blood Countess”)
Catherine Jagiellon + John III of Sweden
Sigismund III Vasa (from whom the Vasa kings of Poland were descended. Raised by Jesuits, sponsored alchemist Sendivogius)
Catherine of Bohemia
Elisabeth, Duchess of Austria
Anne, Queen of England + King Richard II (son of Edward the Black Prince, founder of the Order of the Garter)
Marie of Luxembourg + Charles IV of France
Beatrix of Luxembourg + CHARLES I OF HUNGARY (founder of the ORDER OF SAINT GEORGE. Nephew of Constance of Sicily was d. of Frederick III of Sicily, who hired services of Templar Roger “Jolly Roger” de Flor. Constance married Henry II of Lusignan, who transferred property of Templars to Hospitallers. Constance’s sister Blanche of Anjou married James II of Aragon, founder of the Order of Montesa)
Louis I of Hungary + Margaret of Bohemia (Sigismund’s half-sister)
Louis I of Hungary + Elizabeth of Bosnia
Mary, Queen of Hungary + SIGISMUND, HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR, founder of the ORDER OF THE DRAGON