Genealogy of the alchemical wedding

Genealogy of the Alchemical Wedding


Coat of arms Frederick V (1574 – 1610), Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia

Coat of arms Frederick V (1574 – 1610), Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia

The Rosicrucian manifestos appeared around the same time that the German prince Frederick V of the Palatinate (1574 – 1610) began to be seen as the ideal incumbent to take the place of leader of the Protestant resistance against the Catholic Hapsburgs, to be achieved through his dynastic union with King James I’s daughter, Elizabeth Stuart. The perceived occult importance of their marriage was enshrined in a Rosicrucian tract called The Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz, published in 1616, which contains allusions to the Order of the Golden Fleece. The word “chymical” is an old form of “chemical’ and refers to alchemy, for which the “Sacred Marriage” was the goal.

Frederick was related to almost all of the ruling families of the Holy Roman Empire. The Palatine Simmerns, a cadet branch of the House of Wittelsbach, the Royal Bavarian dynasty from Germany, with branches that have ruled over territories including Bavaria, the Palatinate, Holland and Zeeland, Sweden (with Denmark and Norway), Hungary (with Romania), Bohemia, the Electorate of Cologne and other prince-bishoprics, and Greece. Their ancestral lands of the Palatinate and Bavaria were Prince-electorates, and the family had three of its members elected emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire. Their Kingdom of Bavaria was created in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918. The House of Windsor, the reigning royal house of the British throne, are descendants of Frederick V and Elizabeth’s daughter, Sophia of Hanover, a born Wittelsbach Princess of the Palatinate and married Electress of Hanover, who had inherited the succession rights of the House of Stuart and passed them on to the House of Hanover.

Frederick V’s mother was Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau, the daughter of William I “the Silent” of Orange (1533 – 1584), a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, and the main leader of the Dutch Revolt against the Spanish Habsburgs that set off the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) and resulted in the formal independence of the United Provinces in 1581. The Principality of Orange was a feudal state in Provence, in Southern France, founded around the year 800, when it was awarded to Guillaume of Gellone—purported son of Rabbi Makhir—for his services in the wars against the Moors and in the reconquest of southern France and the Spanish March. It was constituted in 1163, when Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa elevated the Burgundian County of Orange to a sovereign principality within the Empire. The principality became part of the distributed holdings of the house of Orange-Nassau from the time that William I inherited the title of Prince of Orange from his cousin in 1544.

William the Silent’s second wife was Anna of Saxony, a granddaughter of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (1504 – 1567), who was closely allied with the Electors of Saxony in the defence of the Protestant Reformation. The House of Wettin, one of the oldest dynasties in Europe, which once ruled territories in the present-day German states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia, can be traced back to the town of Wettin, Saxony-Anhalt. The Wettins gradually rose to power within the Holy Roman Empire, and many ruling monarchs outside Germany were later tied to its cadet branch, the current House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who changed to the House of Windsor in England. In 1423, Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (1370 – 1428), received the Saxon Electorate from Emperor Sigismund, founder of the Order of the Dragon. Frederick I’s son, Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (1412 – 1464), a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, married Margaret of Austria, daughter of Ernest, Duke of Austria (1377 – 1424), of the House of Habsburg and a member of the Order of the Dragon. Sigismund was succeeded as Holy Roman Emperor by Margaret’s brother was Frederick III.

The family split into two ruling branches in 1485, when the sons of Frederick II agreed to the Treaty of Leipzig in 1485, dividing the territories hitherto ruled jointly. Frederick II’s elder son Ernest, Elector of Saxony (1441 – 1486), who had succeeded his father as Prince-elector, received the Electorate of Saxony and Thuringia, while his younger brother Albert III, Duke of Saxony (1443 – 1500), a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, obtained the March of Meissen, which he ruled from Dresden. Albert III’s possessions were also known as Ducal Saxony. Albert III’s son, George, Duke of Saxony, a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, married Barbara Jagiellon, the sixth daughter of King Casimir IV of Poland and Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria, who was named after her great-grandmother, Barbara of Cilli, who co-founded the Order of the Dragon with her husband Emperor Sigismund. Barbara was the sister of Sigismund I the Old, whose daughter Anna Jagiellon married Stephen Bathory, sponsor of John Dee and uncle of Elizabeth Báthory, the infamous “Blood Countess.”

The older Ernestine branch played a key role during the Protestant Reformation. Ernest’s son was Frederick III the Wise, Elector of Saxony (1463 – 1525), one of the most powerful early defenders of Martin Luther, hiding him at Wartburg Castle. Frederick III’s brother was Elector John (1468 – 1532), was known for organizing the Lutheran Church in the Electorate of Saxony. It was Elector John’s son John Frederick I of Saxony (1503 – 1554) who commissioned the creation of the Luther Rose, a widely recognized symbol for Lutheranism, featuring the White Rose of York, superimposed by a cross within a heart.

John Frederick would go on to later head the Schmalkaldic League, a military alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire, with Philip I of Hesse, who married Christine of Saxony, the daughter of George, Duke of Saxony and Barbara Jagiellon. Philip I’s descendants would found the Rosicrucian movement. Philip I of Hesse’s granddaughter Anna of Saxony would marry the famous William the Silent, Prince of Orange (1533 – 1584). Philip’s grandson, Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, known as “the Learned,” was a close friend of the grandson of William the Silent, Frederick V of the Palatinate (1596 – 1632), whose marriage to Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of King James, was celebrated in the Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz, by Johann Valentin Andreae, which followed the Rosicrucian manifestos. The invitation to the royal wedding includes John Dee’s symbol of Monas Hieroglyphica, representing the Great Conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter in 1623, around which the advent of the Rosicrucian movement was timed.


Genealogy of the Alchemical Wedding

  • King James I of England + Anne of Denmark

    • ALCHEMICAL WEDDING: Elizabeth Stuart + Frederick V of the Palatinate

      • Charles Louis, (1617 – 1680) + Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel (g-d of Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel)

        • Charles II (1651 – 1685) + Princess Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark

        • Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine + PHILIPPE I, DUKE OF ORLEANS (Order of the Golden Fleece, brother of Louis XIV, “the Sun King”)

          • Élisabeth Charlotte d’Orléans + Leopold, Duke of Lorraine

            • Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece) + Maria Theresa (supporter of Jacob Frank)

              • Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece, had affair with Eva, daughter of Jacob Frank)

              • Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece) + Maria Luisa of Spain (d. Charles III of Spain, Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece)

                • Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece) + Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily

                  • Archduke Franz Karl + Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily

                    • Franz Joseph I of Austria (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece)

                    • Maximilian I of Mexico

                    • Archduke Karl Ludwig + Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies + Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony

                      • Archduke Franz Ferdinand + Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg

                      • Archduke Otto of Austria + Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony

                        • Charles I of Austria + Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma

                          • Otto von Habsburg (Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece)

              • Archduke Ferdinand of Austria + Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa

                • Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia + Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia

              • Marie Antoinette + Louis XVI

              • Archduke Maximilian Francis (Grand Master of the Priory of Sion)

            • Charles Alexander (Order of the Golden Fleece, Grand Master of the Priory of Sion)

          • Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (friend of Chevalier Michael Ramsay) + Françoise Marie de Bourbon (daughter of Louis XIV, King of France + Marquise de Montespan, close to Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, and accused of Black Mass in Affair of the Poisons))

            • Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)

              • Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (1725 – 1785) + Louise Henriette de Bourbon (see below)

      • Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern + Anna Gonzaga

        • Princess Anne of the Palatinate + Henri Jules, Prince of Condé (son of Louis, Grand Condé, in conspiracy with Menasseh ben Israel, Isaac La Peyrere and Queen Christina)

          • Louis, Prince of Condé + Louise Françoise de Bourbon (sister of Françoise Marie de Bourbon)

            • Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon (successor of Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine, according to Larmenius Charter)

            • Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon + Louis Armand II, Prince of Conti

              • Louis François, Prince of Conti (successor of Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon, according to Larmenius Charter)

              • Louise Henriette de Bourbon + Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (see above)

                • Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (1747 – 1793), aka PHILIPPE ÉGALIETÉ, Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, and member of the Illuminati)

            • LOUIS, COUNT OF CLERMONT (Grand Master of the GRAND LODGE OF FRANCE)

          • Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon + Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine (brother of Françoise Marie de Bourbon. Successor of PHILIPPE I, DUKE OF ORLEANS, according to Larmenius Charter)

        • Benedicta Henrietta + John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

          • Charlotte Felizitas of Brunswick-Lüneburg + Rinaldo d'Este, Duke of Modena (son of Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena)

          • Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg + Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (son of Leopold I)

            • Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland + Augustus III of Polandfch

            • Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress + Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor

              • Maria Josepha of Bavaria + Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (see below)

      • Sophia of Hannover + Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover (1629 – 1698)

        • Sophia Charlotte (1668–1705) + Frederick I of Prussia (1657 – 1713)

          • Frederick William I of Prussia (1720 – 1785) + Sophia Dorothea of Hanover (see below)

        • George I of England (1660 – 1727)

          • Sophia Dorothea of Hanover + Frederick William I of Prussia (see above)

            • FREDERICK II THE GREAT OF PRUSSIA (1712 – 1786)

            • Prince Augustus William of Prussia (1722 – 1758)

              • FREDERICK WILLIAM II OF PRUSSIA (1744 – 1797, member of GOLDEN AND ROSY CROSS) + Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt

                • Frederick Wilhelm III of Prussia + Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

                  • Kaiser Wilhelm I, German Emperor + Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

                    • Frederick III, German Emperor + Victoria, Princess Royal (see below)

                  • Kaiser Wilhelm I + Edwina Viereck (German actress)

                    • Louis Viereck

                      • George Sylvester Viereck (co-conspirator with Aleister Crowley)

                  • Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia) + Tsar Nicholas I (Order of the Golden Fleece)

                    • Tsar Alexander II (Order of the Golden Fleece) + Marie of Hesse (interested in occultism) - (see above)

                      • Tsar Alexander III of Russia (Order of the Golden Fleece) + Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)

                        • Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (Order of the Golden Fleece) + Alexandra Feodorovna (granddaughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, grandson of Ernst II of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1745 – 1804), friend of Adam Weishaupt)

                      • Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia + Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

                        • Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia (Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem) + Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (see below)

                      • Maria Alexandrovna + Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (see below)

                      • Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia + Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (see below)

                    • Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (introduced Papus to Nicholas II) + Princess Anastasia of Montenegro

                • Prince Wilhelm of Prussia + Princess Maria Anna of Hesse-Homburg

                  • Princess Elisabeth of Prussia + Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine

                    • Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse + Princess Alice (see below)

            • Louisa Ulrika of Prussia + Louisa Ulrika of Prussia (1710 – 1771)

              • Charles XIII (1748 – 1818, Grand Master of the Swedish Order of Freemasons) + Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp (Hesse-Kassel)

              • Gustav III (1746 – 1792, patron of Swedenborg and Grand Master of Swedish Rite of Freemasonry) + Sophia Magdalena of Denmark (see below)

          • George II of England (1683 – 1760) + Caroline of Ansbach

            • Frederick, Prince of Wales + Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha

              • Princess Augusta of Great Britain + Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick

                • Caroline of Brunswick + George IV of England

              • King George III (1738 – 1820) + Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

                • King George IV of England + Caroline of Brunswick (see above)

                  • Princess Charlotte of Wales + Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

                • Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (1767 – 1820) + Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

                  • QUEEN VICTORIA + Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1819 – 1861, grandson of Ernst II of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1745 – 1804), friend of Adam Weishaupt)

                    • Victoria, Princess Royal + Frederick III, German Emperor (see above)

                      • Kaiser Wilhelm II, German Emperor (Order of the Golden Fleece) + Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein

                        • Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia + Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick

                          • Frederica of Hanover + Paul of Greece (see below)

                      • Sophia of Prussia + Constantine I of Greece (see below)

                    • King Edward VII (1841 – 1910) + Alexandra of Denmark (see above)

                      • Prince Albert Victor (1864 – 1892, aka “Jack the Ripper”)

                      • George V (1865 – 1936) + Mary of Teck

                        • Edward VIII + Wallis Simpson

                        • George VI + Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

                          • Elizabeth II + Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (see below)

                          • Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon

                        • Prince George, Duke of Kent + Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (see below)

                    • Princess Alice + Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse (see above)

                      • Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine + Prince Louis of Battenberg

                        • Princess Alice of Battenberg + Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark

                          • Princess Margarita of Greece and Denmark + Gottfried, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (both joined the Nazi party)

                          • Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark + Berthold, Margrave of Baden (Nazi Wehrmacht)

                          • Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark + Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse (both joined the Nazi party)

                          • Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark + Prince Christoph of Hesse (Oberführer in the Nazi SS)

                          • Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh + Elizabeth II

                      • Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (godmother of Kirill, Lieutenant Grand Master in the SOSJ, son of conspiracy theorist Leslie Fry, associated with Nesta Webster and Edith Starr Miller (Lady Queenborough), author of Occult Theocracyand, and and Ernest Jouin.. Fry worked for Henry Ford and was connected to Boris Brasol and other members of the Aufbau. Kirill also claimed to have be in contact with Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia, who had survived the massacre of the Russian royal family in Yekaterinburg) + Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia (see above)

                      • Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse) (1872 – 1918) + Tsar Nicholas II (Order of the Golden Fleece, 1868 – 1918)

                    • Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1844 – 1900) + Maria Alexandrovna (see above)

                      • Marie of Romania + Ferdinand I of Romania (Order of the Golden Fleece)

                        • Carol II of Romania

                        • Maria of Yugoslavia + Alexander I of Yugoslavia

                          • Peter II of Yugoslavia + Alexandra of Yugoslavia (see below)

                      • Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha + Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia (see above)

                        • Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia (Sovereign Military Order of Malta)

                        • Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia + Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark (see below)

                    • Princess Helena of the United Kingdom + Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (see below)

                • Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover + Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

                  • George V of Hanover + Marie of Saxe-Altenburg

                    • Prince Ernest Augustus + Princess Thyra of Denmark (see below)

              • Caroline Matilda of Great Britain + Christian VII of Denmark

            • Princess Louise of Great Britain (1724 – 1751 + Frederick V of Denmark (1723 – 1766)

              • Sophia Magdalena of Denmark + Gustav III (see above)

              • Christian VII of Denmark (1749 – 1808) + Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (d. of Frederick, Prince of Wales, by Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha)

                • Frederick VI of Denmark (1768 – 1839) + Marie of Hesse-Kassel (see below)

                • Princess Louise Augusta of Denmark + Frederick Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg

                  • Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg + Countess Louise Sophie Danneskiold-Samsøe

                    • Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein + Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

                      • Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein + Kaiser Wilhelm II, German Emperor (see below)

                    • Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein + Princess Helena of the United Kingdom (see above)

              • Louise, Princess Charles of Hesse-Kassel (1750–1831) + PRINCE CHARLES OF HESSE-KASSEL (see below)

              • Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark + Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

                • Princess Charlotte of Denmark + Prince William of Hesse-Kassel (see below)

            • Princess Mary of Great Britain (1723 – 1772) + Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (direct descendants of Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, from the circle of the first Rosicrucians, a friend of Frederick V)

              • William I, Elector of Hesse (1743 – 1821, hired Mayer Amschel Rothschild who founded Rothschild dynasty)

              • PRINCE CHARLES OF HESSE-KASSEL (Member of Illuminati and Asiatic Brethren, friend of Comte St. Germain) + Louise, Princess Charles of Hesse-Kassel (see above)

                • Marie of Hesse-Kassel + Frederick VI of Denmark (see above)

                  • Princess Vilhelmine Marie of Denmark + Frederick VII of Denmark (succeeded by Christian IX)

                • Christian de Hesse-Cassel (received account from Charles XIII of Sweden about Templar treasure supposedly passed by Jacques de Molay to Guillaume de Beaujeu, owner of the Castle of Arginy)

                • Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel + Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

                  • Christian IX of Denmark + Louise of Hesse-Kassel (see below)

              • Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel + Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen

                • Prince William of Hesse-Kassel + Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark (see above)

                  • Louise of Hesse-Kassel (friend of Marie de Riznitch, Comtesse de Keller who married Alexandre Saint-Yves d’Alveydre, founder of Synarchism) + Christian IX of Denmark (see above)

                    • Frederick VIII of Denmark + Princess Louise of Sweden

                    • Alexandra of Denmark + King Edward VII (see below)

                    • George I of Greece + Olga Constantinovna of Russia

                      • Constantine I of Greece + Sophia of Prussia (see above)

                        • Alexander of Greece + Aspasia Manos

                          • Alexandra of Yugoslavia + Peter II of Yugoslavia (see above)

                            • Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia

                        • Paul of Greece + Frederica of Hanover (see above)

                          • Queen Sofía of Spain + Juan Carlos I of Spain (Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece)

                      • Prince George of Greece and Denmark + Marie Bonaparte (closely linked with Freud)

                      • Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark + Princess Alice of Battenberg

                        • Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh + Elizabeth II (see below)

                    • Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark + Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia (see above)

                      • Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark + Prince Paul of Yugoslavia

                        • Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia (Grand Mistress of the Order of the Fleur de Lys, briefly engaged to the actor Richard Burton, after his first divorce from Elizabeth Taylor)

                          • Catherine Oxenberg (star of Dynasty) + Robert Evans (director of Rosemary’s Baby, friend of Henry Kissinger, and associated with Process Church)

                          • Christina Oxenberg

                      • Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark + Prince George, Duke of Kent (see above)

                        • Prince Edward, Duke of Kent (since 1967 Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England)

                    • Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark) + Tsar Alexander III (1845 – 1894, the son of Alexander II)

                    • Princess Thyra of Denmark + Prince Ernest Augustus (see above)

                      • Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick + Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia (see below)

                    • Prince Valdemar of Denmark + Princess Marie of Orléans

    • Charles I of England + Henrietta Maria (sister of Louis XIII of France)

      • Charles II of England + Catherine of Braganza (daughter of John IV of Portugal + Luisa de Guzmán, from the ducal house of Medina-Sidonia of allegedly crypto-Jewish background. See Genealogy of the Order of Santiago)

        • Lady Mary Tudor + Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater

          • James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater

          • CHARLES RADCLYFFE (founder of the Grand Lodge of England, officer in the Order of the Fleur de Lys, and Grand Master of the PRIORY OF SION)

      • Mary, Princess of Orange + William II, Prince of Orange (grandson of WILLIAM THE SILENT, Order of the Golden Fleece)

        • William III of England + Mary II of England (known as William and Mary, overthrew James II in Glorious Revolution)

      • James II & VII + Anne Hyde

        • Mary II of England + William III of England (see above)

        • Anne, Queen of Great Britain (succeeded by George I of England)

      • James II & VII + Mary of Modena

        • James Francis Edward Stuart (“The Old Pretender”) + Maria Clementina Sobieska (family related to JACOB FRANK)

          • CHARLES EDWARD STUART (Bonnie Prince Charlie, "the Young Pretender")

          • HENRY BENEDICT STUART (Cardinal Duke of York)

      • Henrietta of England + PHILIPPE I, DUKE OF ORLEANS

        • Anne Marie d'Orléans + Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia

          • Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia + Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg

            • Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia + Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain

              • Charles Emmanuel IV, King of Sardinia

              • Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia (Order of the Golden Fleece)

              • Charles Felix, King of Sardinia (Order of the Golden Fleece)